Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21-F | |
|---|---|
| Pays | URSS (URSS) |
| Rôle | Avion de chasse à réaction supersonique |
| Premier vol | Le 14 février 1956 |
| Construit | 11496 |
Lla Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 est un avion de chasse à réaction supersonique, conçu par le Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau en Union soviétique. Il a été populairement surnommé « balalaïka », de l’avion’s ressemblance planform-view avec l’instrument de musique à cordes russes ou le crayon par les pilotes polonais en raison de la forme de son fuselage.
| Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21-F | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Inconnu |
| Localisation | Inconnu |
| Photos | 86 |
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Caractéristiques générales
Crew: 1
Length: 14.5 (with pitot) m (47 ft 6.86 in)
Wingspan: 7.154 m (23 ft 5.66 in)
Height: 4.125 m (13 ft 6.41 in)
Wing area: 23.0 m2 (247.3 ft2)
Gross weight: 8,825 kg (19,425 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Tumanskiy R25-300, 40.21 kN (9,040 lbf) thrust dry, 69.62 kN (15,650 lbf) with afterburner each
Performance
Maximum speed: 2,228 km/h (1,468 mph)
Maximum speed: Mach 2.00
Range: (internal fuel) 1,210 km (751 miles)
Service ceiling: 17,800 m (58,400 ft)
Rate of climb: 225 m/s (44,280 ft/min)
Armament
1x internal 23 mm GSh-23 cannon, plus
2x R-27R1 or R-27T or 4x Vympel R-77
or 4x R-60M or R-73E AAM or
2x 500 kg (1,102 lbs) bombs
| MiG-21I Analog Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Anatoly Velichko |
| Localisation | Inconnu |
| Photos | 25 |
| MiG-21 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Bill Maloney |
| Localisation | Wings of Eagles Discovery Center |
| Photos | 24 |
| MiG-21UM Mongol B Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Michael Benolkin |
| Localisation | Inconnu |
| Photos | 31 |
Voir aussi :
| Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Lancer C Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Luc Colin |
| Localisation | Inconnu |
| Photos | 35 |
The Mach 2 Revolution
Lla MiG-21F was the first major production variant of the legendary MiG-21 family. Designed as a short-range, high-altitude « point defense » interceptor, it was built for speed and climb rate above all else. Its iconic delta-wing and pencil-like fuselage made it a symbol of Soviet air power during the Cold War. While early versions like the « F » (Forsirovannyy – Uprated) were limited in terms of radar and fuel, they established the « lightweight fighter » philosophy that would challenge Western air superiority for decades.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (MiG-21F) |
|---|---|
| NATO Reporting Name | Fishbed-B |
| Crew | 1 (Pilot) |
| First Flight (Ye-6 Prototype) | May 20, 1958 |
| Groupe motopropulseur | 1 × Tumansky R-11F-300 afterburning turbojet |
| Thrust | 12,677 lbf (56.4 kN) with afterburner |
| Vitesse maximale | 1,320 mph (2,125 km/h) / Mach 2.05 |
| Armement | 1 × 30mm NR-30 cannon; 2 × K-13 (AA-2 Atoll) missiles |
| Rate of Climb | 38,000 ft/min (at sea level) |
Engineering the Pencil with Wings
- The Shock Cone (Translating Inlet): To fly at Mach 2, the MiG-21 used a circular nose intake with a moving center cone. This cone automatically adjusted its position based on speed to manage the shock waves and ensure the engine received air at subsonic speeds.
- Delta-Wing Aerodynamics: The 57-degree swept delta wing provided low drag at supersonic speeds and a large surface area for lift, though it caused the aircraft to lose energy rapidly during hard, high-G turns.
- Lla « F-13 » Transition: The most famous early sub-variant, the MiG-21F-13, removed one of the two internal 30mm cannons to save weight and make room for the K-13 air-to-air missile, a Soviet reverse-engineered version of the American Sidewinder.
- Simple Ejection System: Early MiG-21s featured a unique « canopy-shield » ejection system where the canopy would stay attached to the seat to protect the pilot from the supersonic windblast before falling away.
Combat Legacy: Vietnam and Beyond
- The Vietnam Threat: North Vietnamese MiG-21Fs used « hit-and-run » tactics against U.S. strike packages. Their small size made them difficult to spot visually, and their high climb rate allowed them to ambush F-4 Phantoms from below or above.
- Lla « Pilot’s Plane »: Pilots loved the MiG-21 for its responsiveness and speed, but criticized its poor rearward visibility and the « nose-heavy » handling when low on fuel.
- Mass Production: Over 11,000 MiG-21s were built (including Chinese J-7 copies). It has served in the air forces of over 60 nations and remains in active service in several countries today, more than 60 years after its debut.
- Lla « MiG-21 Bis » Evolution: Later versions eventually solved the fuel and radar issues of the « F » model, adding a massive « spine » fuel tank and sophisticated radar, though this increased weight and reduced the pure agility of the original design.
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