Ryan X-13 Vertijet | |
|---|---|
| Χώρα | Ηπα |
| Ρόλο | Πειραματικό αεριωθούμενο αεροσκάφος VTOL |
| Πρώτη πτήση | 10 Δεκεμβρίου 1955 |
| Χτισμένο | 2 |
Teh Ryan X-13 Vertijet (ονομασία εταιρείας Model 69) ήταν ένα πειραματικό αεριωθούμενο αεροσκάφος κάθετης απογείωσης και προσγείωσης (VTOL) που πέταξε στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες τη δεκαετία του 1950. Ο κύριος στόχος του έργου ήταν να αποδείξει την ικανότητα ενός καθαρού τζετ να απογειώνεται κάθετα, να αιωρείται, να μεταβαίνει σε οριζόντια πτήση προς τα εμπρός και να προσγειώνεται κάθετα.
| Ryan X-13 Vertijet με τα πόδια γύρω από | |
|---|---|
| Φωτογράφους | Βλαντιμίρ Γιακούμποφ |
| Εντοπισμού | Εθνικό Μουσείο της USAF |
| Φωτογραφίες | 96 |
| Ryan X-13 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Φωτογράφος | Howard Mason |
| Εντοπισμού | Αγνοώ |
| Φωτογραφίες | 38 |
Δείτε επίσης:
General Characteristics and Role
The Ryan X-13 Vertijet was a unique experimental jet aircraft developed for the U.S. Navy and later the U.S. Air Force in the 1950s. Its singular mission was to prove the feasibility of a “tail-sitter” Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) jet fighter that could launch vertically from a mobile platform or submarine, eliminating the need for long runways. The aircraft was configured like a flying dart, taking off and landing straight up on its tail, supported by a specialized gantry or hook system. The X-13 successfully demonstrated the entire vertical flight cycle, including takeoff, transition to horizontal flight, transition back to vertical flight, and a vertical “hook” landing on a platform.
| Property | Typical Value (X-13) |
|---|---|
| Ρόλο | Experimental VTOL Research Aircraft |
| National Origin | Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες |
| Κατασκευαστής | Ryan Αεροναυτική Εταιρεία |
| First Flight (Horizontal) | 10 December 1955 |
| First Vertical Flight | 11 April 1957 |
| Πλήρωμα | 1 Pilot |
| Μήκος | 7.14 m (23 ft 5 in) |
| Εκπέτασμα | 6.43 m (21 ft 1 in) |
| Διαμόρφωση | Delta-wing, Tail-sitter, Jet VTOL |
| Gross Weight | 3,363 kg (7,415 lb) |
Powerplant and Control System
- Engine: 1 x Rolls-Royce Avon turbojet engine (with modifications for vertical operation).
- Thrust: Approximately 44 kN (10,000 lbf).
- Control System (Vertical Flight): Used a thrust deflection system achieved via small jet nozzles, or thrusters, located in the nose and wingtips. These were powered by bleed air from the engine and controlled by a conventional stick and rudder pedals, allowing the pilot to stabilize the aircraft in the hover.
- Landing Gear: Featured a small hook mounted beneath the nose and support pads on the tail, as it landed vertically onto a cable stretched between the mobile launch trailer’s arms.
- Maximum Speed: Mach 0.9 (approx. 1,090 km/h or 670 mph).
Program Outcome and Legacy
- Success: The X-13 proved the concept of a jet-powered tail-sitter VTOL, successfully completing the world’s first full-cycle transition from vertical takeoff, to horizontal flight, and back to a vertical landing.
- Conclusion: Despite its success, the operational concept was deemed too challenging and complex for tactical combat use. The pilot had to look backward over their shoulder using mirrors during the critical vertical landing phase to hook the gantry.
- Influence: The lessons learned from the X-13’s control systems, especially the use of thrusters for low-speed control, were directly applied to later, more successful VTOL programs, such as the Hawker Siddeley Harrier.
- Preservation: Both prototypes built were retired in 1959. One is displayed at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Ohio, and the other is at the National Air and Space Museum’s Udvar-Hazy Center in Virginia.
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