图波列夫图-134 | |
|---|---|
| 国家 | 苏联 – 俄罗斯 |
| 作用 | 客机 |
| 第一只苍蝇 | 29 七月 1963 |
| 建立 | 854 |
这 图波列夫图-134 （北约报告名称：Crusty）是一架双引擎窄体喷气式客机，于 1966 年至 1989 年在苏联制造，用于中短途航线。原始版本采用玻璃机头设计，与某些其他俄罗斯客机（包括其姊妹型号 Tu-154）一样，它可以在未铺砌的机场运行。
| 图波列夫Tu-134A四处走动 | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 弗拉基米尔·亚库博夫 |
| 本地化 | 明斯克-博罗瓦亚航空博物馆，白俄罗斯 |
| 照片 | 149 |
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General Characteristics (Soviet Era)
The Tupolev Tu-134 is a twin-engine, short-to-medium-range jet airliner developed in the Soviet Union, originally conceived to replace the Ilyushin Il-14. The ‘A’ variant was the first major production modification, introducing improved engines and increased passenger capacity.
| Property | Value (Tu-134A Variant) |
|---|---|
| 作用 | Short/Medium-Haul Airliner |
| 制造商 | Kharkov State Aircraft Plant / Tupolev Design Bureau |
| Entered Service (Tu-134A) | 1970 |
| 船员 | 3 or 4 (Pilot, Co-pilot, Flight Engineer/Navigator) |
| 能力 | 72 to 84 passengers |
| 长度 | 37.10 m (121 ft 8 in) |
| 翼展 | 29.0 m (95 ft 2 in) |
Design and Powerplant
- Engines: Two Soloviev D-30-II or D-30-III turbofan engines.
- Engine Placement: A distinctive feature, the engines are mounted in two nacelles on the sides of the rear fuselage (similar to the BAC One-Eleven or Douglas DC-9).
- Thrust (D-30-II): Approx. 66.7 kN (15,000 lbf) per engine.
- Cockpit: Features a glazed nose, originally intended for a navigator, a hallmark of early Soviet jet transport design (though sometimes phased out on later A models).
- Wing Design: Features a swept wing with noticeable dihedral and leading-edge slats for improved low-speed handling.
- Landing Gear: Equipped with low-pressure tires for operation from unprepared airfields, a common Soviet design requirement.
Performance and Variants
- Maximum Cruise Speed: 900 km/h (560 mph, 486 knots).
- Operational Range: Approximately 1,800 to 2,000 km (1,100 to 1,240 miles).
- Service Ceiling: 12,100 m (39,700 ft).
- Key Improvement (Tu-134A): Compared to the original Tu-134, the ‘A’ variant has a stretched fuselage for more seating and an improved turbofan engine. It also replaced the rear braking parachute with reverse thrust on the engines.
- Noise Issues: Due to the high exhaust velocity of its early turbofan engines, the Tu-134 family was known to be extremely loud and was one of the first Soviet types to be banned from many European airports due to noise restrictions in the 1990s and 2000s.
视图： 244
