Tupolev Tu-134

Tupolev Tu-134
Krajiny	Sovietsky zväz – Rusko
Úlohu	Lietadlo
Prvá muška	29. júla 1963
Postavený	854

Komisia Tupolev Tu-134 (názov NATO: Crusty) je dvojmotorové úzkotrupé prúdové dopravné lietadlo vyrábané v Sovietskom zväze pre krátke a stredné trasy v rokoch 1966 až 1989. Pôvodná verzia mala presklený dizajn a rovnako ako niektoré iné ruské dopravné lietadlá (vrátane sesterského modelu Tu-154) môže operovať z nespevnených letísk.

Zdrojový: Tupolev Tu-134 na Wikipédii

Tupolev Tu-134A prechádzka okolo
Fotograf	Vladimír Jakubov
Lokalizácia	Letecké múzeum Minsk-Borovaya, Bielorusko
Fotografie	149

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General Characteristics (Soviet Era)

The Tupolev Tu-134 is a twin-engine, short-to-medium-range jet airliner developed in the Soviet Union, originally conceived to replace the Ilyushin Il-14. The ‘A’ variant was the first major production modification, introducing improved engines and increased passenger capacity.

Property	Value (Tu-134A Variant)
Úlohu	Short/Medium-Haul Airliner
Výrobca	Kharkov State Aircraft Plant / Tupolev Design Bureau
Entered Service (Tu-134A)	1970
Posádky	3 or 4 (Pilot, Co-pilot, Flight Engineer/Navigator)
Kapacita	72 to 84 passengers
Dĺžka	37.10 m (121 ft 8 in)
Rozpätie krídel	29.0 m (95 ft 2 in)

Design and Powerplant

Engines: Two Soloviev D-30-II or D-30-III turbofan engines.
Engine Placement: A distinctive feature, the engines are mounted in two nacelles on the sides of the rear fuselage (similar to the BAC One-Eleven or Douglas DC-9).
Thrust (D-30-II): Approx. 66.7 kN (15,000 lbf) per engine.
Cockpit: Features a glazed nose, originally intended for a navigator, a hallmark of early Soviet jet transport design (though sometimes phased out on later A models).
Wing Design: Features a swept wing with noticeable dihedral and leading-edge slats for improved low-speed handling.
Landing Gear: Equipped with low-pressure tires for operation from unprepared airfields, a common Soviet design requirement.

Performance and Variants

Maximum Cruise Speed: 900 km/h (560 mph, 486 knots).
Operational Range: Approximately 1,800 to 2,000 km (1,100 to 1,240 miles).
Service Ceiling: 12,100 m (39,700 ft).
Key Improvement (Tu-134A): Compared to the original Tu-134, the ‘A’ variant has a stretched fuselage for more seating and an improved turbofan engine. It also replaced the rear braking parachute with reverse thrust on the engines.
Noise Issues: Due to the high exhaust velocity of its early turbofan engines, the Tu-134 family was known to be extremely loud and was one of the first Soviet types to be banned from many European airports due to noise restrictions in the 1990s and 2000s.