皮亚塞基胡-21 | |
|---|---|
| 国家 | 美国 |
| 类型 | 货运直升机 |
| 时期 | 1952-1967 |
| 制造商 | 皮亚塞基直升机 |
这 皮亚塞基H-21主力/肖尼 is an American helicopter, the fourth of a line of tandem rotor helicopters designed and built by Piasecki Helicopter (later Boeing Vertol). Commonly called “the flying banana”, it was a multi-mission helicopter, utilizing wheels, skis, or floats. The H-21 was originally developed by Piasecki as an Arctic rescue helicopter. The H-21 had winterization features permitting operation at temperatures as low as −65 °F (−54 °C), and could be routinely maintained in severe cold weather environments.
| 皮亚塞基 HU-21B 四处走动 | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 塞斯·亨德里克斯 |
| 本地化 | 未知 |
| 照片 | 73 |
| Piasecki HH-21B Workhorse | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 弗拉基米尔·亚库博夫 |
| 本地化 | 特拉维斯空军基地博物馆 |
| 照片 | 182 |
| CH-21B Shawnee Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 迈克尔·苏普科 |
| 本地化 | 宾夕法尼亚州西切斯特的美国直升机博物馆 |
| 照片 | 22 |
另请参阅：
| Piasecki H-21C Workhorse Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 兰迪·雷 |
| 本地化 | 皮马航空航天博物馆 |
| 照片 | 34 |
| Piasecki H-21C Shawnee (Vertol V-43A) Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | Burhand Donke |
| 本地化 | 未知 |
| 照片 | 59 |
The Kinked Workhorse
这 皮亚塞基胡-21 (later redesignated the H-21 Workhorse/Shawnee) was a revolutionary tandem-rotor helicopter that solved a major early problem in aviation: center-of-gravity limits. By placing a rotor at each end of the fuselage, Frank Piasecki created an aircraft that could carry heavy loads anywhere in its cabin without becoming unstable. Its distinctive “kinked” fuselage was designed to prevent the two massive rotors from striking each other. Though it looked awkward, it was the first helicopter capable of carrying significant numbers of troops, making it a vital asset in the early days of air assault and Arctic rescue.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (H-21C / CH-21C) |
|---|---|
| 作用 | Multi-mission Transport / SAR |
| 船员 | 2 (Pilot and Co-pilot) |
| 能力 | 20 troops or 12 stretchers |
| First Flight | April 11, 1952 |
| 动力装置 | 1 × Wright R-1820-103 Cyclone radial engine |
| Horsepower | 1,425 hp (1,063 kW) |
| 最高速度 | 127 mph (204 km/h) |
| 范围 | 265 miles (426 km) |
Design Highlights: Tandem Power
- The “Banana” Bend: The fuselage was curved upward in the rear to ensure that the rear rotor sat higher than the front rotor. This prevented the rear blades from catching the turbulent “wash” of the front blades and, more importantly, prevented the two sets of blades from colliding during flight maneuvers.
- Single Engine, Dual Rotors: Despite having two rotors, the H-21 only had one engine. It was mounted in the middle/rear of the fuselage, with long driveshafts running to the front and rear gearboxes. If the engine failed, both rotors would continue to spin together for a safe autorotation.
- Arctic Adaptability: The H-21 was often equipped with large “snowshoe” floats over its wheels, allowing it to land in deep snow or marshy tundra without sinking. This made it the primary support aircraft for the Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line in the Arctic.
- All-Metal Strength: Unlike many helicopters of the 1940s that used fabric-covered frames, the H-21 was a fully stressed-skin metal design, making it durable enough for frontline combat operations.
Combat and Legacy
- The First “Gunships”: In the early stages of the Vietnam War, the U.S. Army experimented with arming the H-21 Shawnee. They mounted .30 and .50 caliber machine guns in the doors and even experimented with fixed forward-firing rockets, paving the way for the dedicated attack helicopters that followed.
- French Action in Algeria: The French Air Force used the H-21 extensively during the Algerian War. They were among the first to prove that helicopters could be used to rapidly deploy troops directly into the middle of a battle (vertical envelopment).
- Heavy Metal Vibrations: The H-21 was notorious for its vibration. Because of the long driveshafts and massive moving parts, pilots often joked that if the “Banana” stopped shaking, it meant the engine had died.
- Successor to the Crown: The H-21 proved that the tandem-rotor concept was superior for heavy lifting. This design lineage led directly to the Boeing CH-46 Sea Knight and the legendary CH-47 Chinook, which still dominates the heavy-lift world today.
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