Ilyushin Il-14 | |
|---|---|
| 国家 | 苏联 |
| 作用 | 客机 |
| 首次飞行 | 1 十月 1950 |
| 建立 | 1348 |
这 伊留申伊尔-14 （北约报告名称：Crate）是苏联双引擎商业和军事人员和货物运输机，于1950年首飞，并于1954年投入使用。伊尔-14也由VVB Flugzeugbau在东德制造，在捷克斯洛伐克作为Avia 14制造。伊留申伊尔-14通常被安东诺夫安-24和雅科夫列夫雅克-40取代。
| 伊留申IL-14四处走走 | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 弗拉基米尔·亚库博夫 |
| 本地化 | 葡萄酒乡村航展的翅膀 |
| 照片 | 47 |
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General Characteristics and Role
The Ilyushin Il-14 (NATO reporting name: Crate) was a robust, twin-engine, metal-construction airliner and military transport developed in the Soviet Union immediately after World War II. It was designed as an improved successor to the highly successful Il-12, addressing that aircraft’s performance issues, particularly its low-power single-engine climb rate. The Il-14 featured revised wing and tail surfaces, more powerful engines, and incorporated innovative high-lift devices that made it capable of operating safely from unprepared and high-altitude airfields. It served as the primary short-to-medium-range transport for Aeroflot and the Soviet Air Force throughout the 1950s and 1960s.
| Property | Typical Value (Il-14M/P) |
|---|---|
| 类型 | Medium-Range Airliner / Military Transport |
| National Origin | 苏联 |
| 制造商 | Ilyushin, Avia (Czechoslovakia), VEB (East Germany) |
| First Flight | 13 July 1950 |
| 船员 | 4-5 (Pilot, Co-pilot, Navigator, Radio Operator, Flight Engineer) |
| Capacity (Passenger) | 18 to 32 passengers (depending on variant) |
| 长度 | 22.30 m (73 ft 2 in) |
| 翼展 | 31.70 m (104 ft 0 in) |
| Maximum Takeoff Weight | 17,500 kg (38,581 lb) |
Powerplant and Performance
- Engine: 2 x Shvetsov ASh-82T 14-cylinder air-cooled radial engines.
- Power Output (Each): 1,900 hp (1,400 kW).
- Propellers: Four-bladed constant-speed VISH-21 propellers.
- Cruising Speed: 320 km/h (200 mph).
- Maximum Speed: 417 km/h (259 mph).
- Range: Up to 1,300 km (810 mi) with maximum payload.
- Key Feature: The high-lift flap system and the use of reversible-pitch propellers on later versions significantly reduced takeoff and landing distances, enhancing its utility in remote areas.
Service and Legacy
- Production: Over 1,348 Il-14s were built in the Soviet Union, plus several hundred under license in Czechoslovakia (as the Avia Av-14) and East Germany (as the VEB Il-14P).
- Widespread Use: The Il-14 was one of the most widely used aircraft of the Eastern Bloc and was exported to over 20 nations in Asia, Africa, and Europe, serving civilian and military roles.
- Variants: The primary passenger variant was the Il-14P, while the Il-14M had a lengthened fuselage to accommodate more passengers (up to 32). It also served in reconnaissance, aerial surveying, and polar research roles.
- Reliability: Known for its simplicity and rugged reliability, the Il-14 proved to be an excellent aircraft for regions with poor ground infrastructure.
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