Suchoj Su-25

Suchoj Su-25
Kraju	Radzieckiego
Typu	Bliskie wsparcie powietrzne
Pierwszy lot	22 lutego 1975
Zbudowany	1000+

Suchoj Su-25 Grach (nazwa NATO: Frogfoot) to poddźwiękowy, jednomiejscowy, dwusilnikowy samolot odrzutowy opracowany w Związku Radzieckim przez Suchoja. Został zaprojektowany w celu zapewnienia bliskiego wsparcia powietrznego radzieckim siłom lądowym. Pierwszy prototyp odbył swój dziewiczy lot 22 lutego 1975 roku. Po testach samolot trafił do produkcji seryjnej w 1978 roku w Tbilisi w Gruzińskiej Socjalistycznej Republice Radzieckiej.

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Suchoj Su-25 Frogfoot Walk Around
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Design Philosophy: Close Air Support

Tthe Suchoj Su-25 was designed as a dedicated Shturmovik • (Ground Attack) aircraft, born from lessons learned in WWII. Unlike fast, high-altitude interceptors, the “Frogfoot” was built to fly low and slow, loitering over the battlefield to provide direct support to ground troops. It is the Soviet counterpart to the American A-10 Thunderbolt II, prioritizing survivability, ease of maintenance in austere conditions, and massive ordnance capacity.

Attribute	Standard Specification (Su-25 / Su-25SM)
Roli	Close Air Support (CAS) / Ground Attack
Załogi	1 Pilot
Zbroja	Titanium “Bathtub” (10mm to 24mm thick)
Uzbrojenie główne	1 x 30mm GSh-30-2 twin-barrel autocannon (250 rounds)
Hardpoints	11 (Capacity for 4,000 kg / 8,800 lbs of ordnance)
Zespół napędowy	2 x Soyuz/Tumansky R-195 turbojets
Prędkość maksymalna	975 km/h (Mach 0.79 / 606 mph)
Service Ceiling	7,000 meters (23,000 ft)

Survival Features: The Titanium Bathtub

The Armored Cockpit: The pilot sits inside a 24mm thick titanium alloy welding, capable of withstanding direct hits from 23mm anti-aircraft shells. This “bathtub” design is a hallmark of Su-25 survivability.
Engine Separation: The two turbojet engines are mounted in separate nacelles on either side of the fuselage. This physical distance ensures that a fire or explosion in one engine is unlikely to disable the other.
Redundant Systems: The Su-25 utilizes mechanical control linkages protected by armor, ensuring the pilot can still maneuver even if hydraulic systems are compromised.
Self-Sealing Tanks: All fuel tanks are filled with polyurethane foam to prevent explosions and are protected by 8mm steel plating.

Weaponry and Versatility

GSh-30-2 Autocannon: Mounted in the lower fuselage, this 30mm gun fires at 3,000 rounds per minute, capable of shredding light armor and infantry positions.
Rocket Pods: The Su-25 is most famous for its use of unguided rockets, such as the 57mm S-5, 80mm S-8, and the massive 240mm S-24.
Precision Munitions: Modernized variants like the Su-25SM can deploy laser-guided bombs (KAB-500L) and Kh-25 air-to-surface missiles.
The “Rook” (Grach): Russian pilots gave the aircraft this nickname because of its ability to pull heavy loads from the dirt, referring to the bird’s habit of finding food in the soil.

Combat History

The Su-25 has seen more combat than almost any other Soviet-era jet. It proved its worth in the rugged mountains of Afghanistan, where its ability to maneuver in narrow valleys was superior to faster jets. Since then, it has served in the Chechen Wars, the Syrian Civil War, and extensively in the current conflict in Ukraine, used by both sides.

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