Northrop JB-1 Bat

Northrop JB-1 Bat
Kraju	Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki
Roli	Prototyp latającego skrzydła z napędem odrzutowym
Pierwsza mucha	27 sierpnia 1943
Zbudowany	Niewiedzy

Tthe Northrop JB-1 był amerykańskim pociskiem manewrującym ziemia-ziemia, który był prototypowym latającym skrzydłem z napędem odrzutowym. Program United States Army Air Forces MX-543 został zainicjowany we wrześniu 1942 roku w celu wykorzystania licencyjnych wersji silnika odrzutowego Franka Whittle'a (General Electric J31). Northrop Corporation została zakontraktowana pod koniec 1943 roku i zbudowano tylko 10 płatowców JB-1. Wersja załogowa została odholowana na 1 lot "27 sierpnia 1943 roku" z Rogers Dry Lake, a wersja szybowcowa została wystrzelona z sanek z napędem rakietowym i rozbiła się w grudniu 1944 roku. Bezzałogowy JB-1 napędzany improwizowanym turboodrzutowym odrzutowym General Electric B-1 o rozpiętości skrzydeł 28 stóp 4 cali (8,64 m) wykonał swój pierwszy lot z wyspy Santa Rosa w Eglin Field na Florydzie 7 grudnia 1944 roku i rozbił się 400 jardów od wyrzutni kolejowej.

Źródła: Northrop JB-1 na Wikipedii

Northrop JB-1 Bat Walk Around
Photographer	Vladimir Yakubov
Localisation	Western Museum of Flight, Torrance
Photos	40

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General Characteristics and Role

The Northrop JB-1 Bat was an experimental, unpiloted pulse-jet powered flying wing missile developed by the United States during World War II, based heavily on aerodynamic work done by the German Horten brothers. Its development was part of the United States Army Air Forces’ (USAAF) Jet-Propelled Missile program (JB). The JB-1’s design was highly unconventional, utilizing a pure flying wing configuration with twin rudders and a very clean aerodynamic profile. It was intended as a short-range surface-to-surface cruise missile that could carry a massive warhead (comparable to the German V-1 flying bomb). The project was ultimately terminated due to propulsion issues and the end of the war, but it significantly contributed to Northrop’s pioneering work on tailless aircraft.

Property	Typical Value (JB-1)
Roli	Experimental Cruise Missile / Flying Bomb
National Origin	Stany Zjednoczone
Producent	Northrop Aircraft
First Flight (Glider)	August 1944
Załogi	0 (Unmanned)
Guidance	Preset gyro-pilot system
Warhead	Approximately 900 kg (2,000 lb)
Długość	4.37 m (14 ft 4 in)
Rozpiętość	9.14 m (30 ft 0 in)
Launch Weight	3,175 kg (7,000 lb)

Propulsion and Launch Method

Engine: 2 x General Electric BQ-7 (pulse-jet engines).
Thrust (Total): Approximately 4.45 kN (1,000 lbf).
Maximum Speed: Designed for high subsonic speeds.
Launch Method: The JB-1 was designed to be launched from a rocket-powered sled running on a fixed railway track, similar to the method used for the German V-1 missile.
Propulsion Issues: Initial tests with the pulse-jets were unsuccessful due to performance and reliability problems, leading to a modified glide-only prototype being tested first.

Legacy and Further Development

Pilot Modification: After the failure of the pulse-jet system, the design was briefly converted into a piloted glider (designated JB-1A) for aerodynamic testing, including a side-by-side cockpit, which helped validate the flying wing concept.
Follow-on: The JB-1 project provided valuable data that directly influenced Northrop’s later, larger flying wing aircraft, such as the XB-35 and YB-49 bombers, and eventually the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber.
Termination: The program was cancelled shortly after the end of the war, as the need for the short-range missile rapidly diminished, allowing resources to be shifted to long-range missile and bomber programs.

Liczba wyświetleń : 1830