Northrop JB-1 Bat

Northrop JB-1 Bat
Land	Usa
Role	Prototype jet-aangedreven vliegende vleugel
Eerste vlieg	27 augustus 1943
Gebouwd	Onbewust

De Noordrop JB-1 "Bat" was een Amerikaanse grond-grond-tot-oppervlakte kruisraket die een prototype straalaangedreven vliegende vleugel was. Het MX-543-programma van de United States Army Air Forces werd in september 1942 gestart om in licentie gebouwde versies van de straalmotor van Frank Whittle (General Electric J31) te gebruiken. De Northrop Corporation werd eind 1943 gecontracteerd en er werden slechts 10 JB-1 casco's gebouwd. Een bemande versie werd gesleept voor de 1e vlucht op "27 augustus 1943", vanaf Rogers Dry Lake en een zweefvliegtuigversie werd gelanceerd vanaf een raketaangedreven slee en stortte neer in december 1944. Een onbemande JB-1 aangedreven door een geïmproviseerde General Electric B-1 turbojet met een spanwijdte van 28 voet 4 inch (8,64 m) maakte zijn 1e vlucht vanaf Eglin Field's Santa Rosa Island, Florida, op 7 december 1944, en crashte 400 meter van de railwerper.

Bron: Northrop JB-1 Bat op Wikipedia

Northrop JB-1 Bat Walk Around
Photographer	Vladimir Yakubov
Localisation	Western Museum of Flight, Torrance
Photos	40

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General Characteristics and Role

The Northrop JB-1 Bat was an experimental, unpiloted pulse-jet powered flying wing missile developed by the United States during World War II, based heavily on aerodynamic work done by the German Horten brothers. Its development was part of the United States Army Air Forces’ (USAAF) Jet-Propelled Missile program (JB). The JB-1’s design was highly unconventional, utilizing a pure flying wing configuration with twin rudders and a very clean aerodynamic profile. It was intended as a short-range surface-to-surface cruise missile that could carry a massive warhead (comparable to the German V-1 flying bomb). The project was ultimately terminated due to propulsion issues and the end of the war, but it significantly contributed to Northrop’s pioneering work on tailless aircraft.

Property	Typical Value (JB-1)
Role	Experimental Cruise Missile / Flying Bomb
National Origin	Verenigde Staten
Fabrikant	Northrop Aircraft
First Flight (Glider)	August 1944
Bemanning	0 (Unmanned)
Guidance	Preset gyro-pilot system
Warhead	Approximately 900 kg (2,000 lb)
Lengte	4.37 m (14 ft 4 in)
Spanwijdte	9.14 m (30 ft 0 in)
Launch Weight	3,175 kg (7,000 lb)

Propulsion and Launch Method

Engine: 2 x General Electric BQ-7 (pulse-jet engines).
Thrust (Total): Approximately 4.45 kN (1,000 lbf).
Maximum Speed: Designed for high subsonic speeds.
Launch Method: The JB-1 was designed to be launched from a rocket-powered sled running on a fixed railway track, similar to the method used for the German V-1 missile.
Propulsion Issues: Initial tests with the pulse-jets were unsuccessful due to performance and reliability problems, leading to a modified glide-only prototype being tested first.

Legacy and Further Development

Pilot Modification: After the failure of the pulse-jet system, the design was briefly converted into a piloted glider (designated JB-1A) for aerodynamic testing, including a side-by-side cockpit, which helped validate the flying wing concept.
Follow-on: The JB-1 project provided valuable data that directly influenced Northrop’s later, larger flying wing aircraft, such as the XB-35 and YB-49 bombers, and eventually the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber.
Termination: The program was cancelled shortly after the end of the war, as the need for the short-range missile rapidly diminished, allowing resources to be shifted to long-range missile and bomber programs.

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