ZIL-135

ZIL-135
Land	Sovjet-Unie
Role	Artillery truck
Geproduceerd	1959-1963 (ZIL)
	1963-1994 (BAZ)
Gebouwd	Onbewust

De ZIL-135 is een grote, achtwielige militaire transport- en zelfrijdende artilleriewagen die in de Koude Oorlog door de Sovjet-Unie vanaf 1959 werd geproduceerd. Het doel was om een artillerieraket, met name een FROG-7, van grond tot grond te vervoeren en te lanceren. De ZIL-135 werd op grote schaal geëxporteerd naar andere communistische landen, met name Noord-Korea, waar het een veelvoorkomend verschijnsel is in films en militaire marsen. Het diende ook als de TEL voor het BM-27 Uragan artillerieraketsysteem.

Bron: ZIL-135 op Wikipedia

FROG-7 Luna on BAZ-135 Walk Around
Fotograaf	Robert De Craecker
Lokalisatie	Onbewust
Foto 's	121

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General Characteristics and Role

The ZIL-135 is a Soviet/Russian high-mobility, eight-wheeled (8×8) military truck developed by the Likhaev Automobile Plant (ZIL). Designed specifically to carry heavy loads and traverse extremely difficult terrain, it became famous primarily as the transporter and launcher for the BM-27 Uragan and BM-30 Smerch multiple rocket launcher systems (MRLS). Its unusual and highly capable design featured a long, flat cargo area, a distinctive forward-control cab, and a unique engine and transmission setup for optimal off-road performance. It was a staple of Soviet and later Russian missile artillery forces for decades.

Property	Typical Value (ZIL-135LM)
Role	Heavy Artillery/Missile Transporter and Launcher
National Origin	Soviet Union (USSR)
Fabrikant	Zavod imeni Likhachova (ZIL)
Service Entry	1963
Bemanning	4 (Driver, Commander, 2 Gunners/Operators)
Payload Capacity	9,000 kg (20,000 lb)
Length Overall	9.27 m (30 ft 5 in)
Breedte	2.80 m (9 ft 2 in)
Hoogte	2.53 m (8 ft 4 in) (Cab Top)
Weight (Mass)	Approx. 12,000 kg (Empty)

Powerplant and Unique Drivetrain

Engines: 2 x ZIL-375YA V8 petrol engines. (Located directly behind the cab).
Power Output (Total): 270 kW (360 hp) (180 hp from each engine).
Drivetrain: A unique setup where each engine drives only one side of the vehicle (one engine for the left-side wheels, one for the right-side wheels), improving off-road capability and reliability.
Driven Axles: All 8 wheels are driven (8×8).
Steering: Only the front two axles and the rear two axles are steerable, allowing for a tight turning radius despite the vehicle’s length. The two central axles are fixed.
Maximum Speed: 65 km/h (40 mph) on road.
Operational Range: 500 km (310 mi).

Military Systems and Variants

Primary Role: Transporter/Launcher for MRLS, including:
- BM-27 Uragan (Hurricane) 220 mm MRLS.
- BM-30 Smerch (Tornado) 300 mm MRLS.
Missile Transport: Also used as the mobile chassis for the Luna-M (Frog-7) tactical ballistic missile system.
Tire System: Equipped with a Central Tire Inflation System (CTIS), allowing the driver to adjust tire pressure for optimal traction on different surfaces.
Varianten:
- ZIL-135E: Prototype featuring electrical transmission (electric motors in the hubs).
- ZIL-135K: Prototype for missile transport (never mass-produced).
- ZIL-135LM: Mass-produced model with manual transmission (most common version).
- ZIL-135LN: Variant with a crane and recovery equipment.