2S1 Gvozdika

2S1 Gvozdika
Šalies	Sovier sąjunga
Tipas	Savaeigis howitzer
Tarnyboje	1972–dabar
Pastatytas	10000+

Nuotraukų galerija 2S1 Gvozdika, The 2S1 Gvozdika (rusų kalba: 2С1 «Гвоздика», "Gvazdikas") yra sovietinė savaeigė haubica, pagrįsta važiuokle MT-LB APC, montuojanti 122 mm 2A18 haubicą. "2S1" yra jo GRAU pavadinimas. Alternatyvus rusiškas pavadinimas yra SAU-122, tačiau Rusijos armijoje jis paprastai žinomas kaip Gvozdika. 2S1 yra visiškai amfibinis, labai mažai pasiruošęs, o kai jis išsiskleidžia, jį varo jo vikšrai. Taip pat yra įvairių platesnių takelių, kad 2S1 galėtų veikti sniego ar pelkės sąlygomis. Jis yra apsaugotas NBC ir turi infraraudonųjų spindulių naktinio matymo galimybę.

Šaltinis: 2S1 Gvozdika apie Vikipediją

2S1 Gvozdika Walk Around
Fotografai	Olivier Carneau
Lokalizavimo	Unkow
Nuotraukos	49

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2S1 Gvozdika Walk Around
Fotografai	Vladimiras Yakubovas
Lokalizavimo	Karinių transporto priemonių technologijų fondas
Nuotraukos	224

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General Characteristics and Role

The 2S1 Gvozdika (Russian: “Carnation”) is a Soviet-designed 122 mm self-propelled howitzer (SPH) developed in the late 1960s. Its primary role was to provide immediate, powerful, and mobile artillery fire support to motorized rifle and tank regiments at the battalion level. The 2S1 is based on the chassis of the MT-LB multi-purpose armored vehicle, making it highly mobile and, notably, fully amphibious. This capability allows it to cross water obstacles without preparation, a key requirement for Soviet doctrine. It remains widely used across the globe due to its simplicity, reliability, and versatility.

Property	Typical Value (2S1)
Tipas	Self-Propelled Howitzer (SPH)
National Origin	Sovietų Sąjunga
Gamintojas	Kharkiv Tractor Plant (KhTZ)
Entered Service	1972
Važiuoklės	Modified MT-LB Multi-purpose Carrier
Įgulos	4 (Commander, Driver, Gunner, Loader)
Combat Weight	16,000 kg (35,274 lb)
Length (Gun Forward)	7.26 m (23 ft 10 in)
Plotis	2.85 m (9 ft 4 in)

Armament and Performance

Main Armament: 1 x 122 mm D-32 (2A31) howitzer (L/35 caliber).
Maximum Range: 15.3 km (9.5 mi) with standard high-explosive (HE) projectiles.
Extended Range: Up to 21.9 km (13.6 mi) with rocket-assisted projectiles (RAP).
Rate of Fire: 4 to 5 rounds per minute.
Ammunition: 35 rounds carried internally (40 rounds in later variants). The 122 mm caliber provides compatibility with a large family of Soviet/Russian shells.
Engine: 1 x YaMZ-238N V-8 water-cooled diesel engine.
Engine Power: 300 hp (224 kW).
Maximum Road Speed: 60 km/h (37 mph).
Amphibious Speed: 4.5 km/h (2.8 mph) (propelled by tracks).

Service History and Design Notes

Operational Use: The 2S1 has been used in virtually every major conflict involving former Soviet states and client states since its introduction, including the Soviet-Afghan War, the Chechen Wars, the Yugoslav Wars, and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.
Amphibious Design: Its light weight and low ground pressure allow it to float, a major advantage in the swampy terrain often found in Central and Eastern Europe.
Export Success: Due to its affordability and reliability, the 2S1 was exported extensively and manufactured under license in Poland (as the Goździk) and Bulgaria. It currently serves in the armies of over 40 countries.
Modernization: Many current operators have modernized the 2S1 with digital fire control systems and NATO-standard communications gear, extending its service life well into the 21st century.

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