2S1 格沃兹迪卡 | |
| 国家 | 索维尔联盟 |
| 类型 | 自行榴弹炮 |
| 在服务中 | 1972年至今 |
| 建立 | 10000+ |
照片库的 2S1 格沃兹迪卡, The 2S1 格沃兹迪卡 （俄语：2С1 «Гвоздика»，“康乃馨”）是一种基于底盘 MT-LB APC 的苏联自行榴弹炮，安装了 122 毫米 2A18 榴弹炮。“2S1” 是其 GRAU 名称。另一个俄罗斯名称是 SAU-122，但在俄罗斯军队中，它通常被称为 Gvozdika。2S1 是完全两栖的，几乎没有准备，一旦漂浮起来，就会由其履带推动。还提供各种更宽的履带，以允许 2S1 在雪地或沼泽条件下运行。它受 NBC 保护，并具有红外夜视功能。
| 2S1 Gvozdika Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 奥利维尔·卡诺 |
| 本地化 | Unkow 餐厅 |
| 照片 | 49 |
| 2S1 Gvozdika Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 弗拉基米尔·亚库博夫 |
| 本地化 | 军车技术基金会 |
| 照片 | 224 |
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General Characteristics and Role
The 2S1 Gvozdika (Russian: “Carnation”) is a Soviet-designed 122 mm self-propelled howitzer (SPH) developed in the late 1960s. Its primary role was to provide immediate, powerful, and mobile artillery fire support to motorized rifle and tank regiments at the battalion level. The 2S1 is based on the chassis of the MT-LB multi-purpose armored vehicle, making it highly mobile and, notably, fully amphibious. This capability allows it to cross water obstacles without preparation, a key requirement for Soviet doctrine. It remains widely used across the globe due to its simplicity, reliability, and versatility.
| Property | Typical Value (2S1) |
|---|---|
| 类型 | Self-Propelled Howitzer (SPH) |
| National Origin | 苏联 |
| 制造商 | Kharkiv Tractor Plant (KhTZ) |
| Entered Service | 1972 |
| Chassis | Modified MT-LB Multi-purpose Carrier |
| 船员 | 4 (Commander, Driver, Gunner, Loader) |
| Combat Weight | 16,000 kg (35,274 lb) |
| Length (Gun Forward) | 7.26 m (23 ft 10 in) |
| 宽度 | 2.85 m (9 ft 4 in) |
Armament and Performance
- Main Armament: 1 x 122 mm D-32 (2A31) howitzer (L/35 caliber).
- Maximum Range: 15.3 km (9.5 mi) with standard high-explosive (HE) projectiles.
- Extended Range: Up to 21.9 km (13.6 mi) with rocket-assisted projectiles (RAP).
- Rate of Fire: 4 to 5 rounds per minute.
- Ammunition: 35 rounds carried internally (40 rounds in later variants). The 122 mm caliber provides compatibility with a large family of Soviet/Russian shells.
- Engine: 1 x YaMZ-238N V-8 water-cooled diesel engine.
- Engine Power: 300 hp (224 kW).
- Maximum Road Speed: 60 km/h (37 mph).
- Amphibious Speed: 4.5 km/h (2.8 mph) (propelled by tracks).
Service History and Design Notes
- Operational Use: The 2S1 has been used in virtually every major conflict involving former Soviet states and client states since its introduction, including the Soviet-Afghan War, the Chechen Wars, the Yugoslav Wars, and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.
- Amphibious Design: Its light weight and low ground pressure allow it to float, a major advantage in the swampy terrain often found in Central and Eastern Europe.
- Export Success: Due to its affordability and reliability, the 2S1 was exported extensively and manufactured under license in Poland (as the Goździk) and Bulgaria. It currently serves in the armies of over 40 countries.
- Modernization: Many current operators have modernized the 2S1 with digital fire control systems and NATO-standard communications gear, extending its service life well into the 21st century.
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