Hanriot HD.1

Hanriot HD.1
Maa	Ranska
Rooli	Kaksitasohävittäjälentokoneet
Johdanto	kesäkuu 1916
Rakennettu	1200+

Nniiden Hanriot HD.1 oli ranskalainen yksipaikkainen hävittäjälentokone. Tyyppi hylättiin palvelemaan ranskalaisten laivueiden kanssa SPAD S.VII:n hyväksi, ja se toimitettiin Belgian armeijan ilmailun militaire Belgelle ("Belgian sotilaslento") ja Italian kuninkaalliselle armeijalle Corpo Aeronautico Militarelle ("sotilasilmailujoukot"), joiden molemmat osoittautuivat erittäin onnistuneiksi. Yhteensä noin 1 200 rakennetusta esistä 831 oli italialaisten yritysten valmistamia lisenssillä.

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General Characteristics

The Hanriot HD.1 was a highly successful French single-seat fighter biplane of World War I. Although designed and developed in France, it was rejected by the French Air Service (Aviation Militaire) in favor of the SPAD S.VII. However, it was eagerly adopted and became the standard front-line fighter for both the Belgian and Italian air services from 1917 until the end of the war, primarily due to its exceptional maneuverability and robust, reliable airframe. It was also license-built in large numbers by Nieuport-Macchi in Italy.

Property	Typical Value
Rooli	Single-Seat Fighter Biplane
Valmistaja	Hanriot-Dupont (France), Nieuport-Macchi (Italy, License)
First Flight	kesäkuu 1916
Käytössä	1917–Post-War
No. Built	~1,200 (Total, including Italian production)
miehistö	1 (Pilot)
pituus	5.85 m (19 ft 2 in)
Siipiväli	8.70 m (28 ft 7 in)
Max Takeoff Weight	652 kg (1,437 lb)

Powerplant and Performance

Engine: One Le Rhône 9J or 9Jb 9-cylinder air-cooled rotary engine.
Power Output: 82 kW (110 hp) or 97 kW (130 hp) in later variants.
Maximum Speed: 184 km/h (114 mph) at sea level.
Service Ceiling: 6,400 m (21,000 ft).
Time to Altitude: Approx. 6 minutes 3 seconds to 2,000 m (6,560 ft).
Design Note: The HD.1 used a “1½-strut” cabane arrangement similar to the Sopwith Strutter, which Hanriot was licensed to build. It was valued for its light controls and ease of flying.

Aseistus

Standard Armament: 1 x 7.7 mm (.303 in) fixed, forward-firing Vickers machine gun (synchronized).
Armament Rationale: Though contemporary fighters often carried two guns, the HD.1’s rotary engine was less powerful. Limiting armament to one gun preserved its excellent climbing performance and maneuverability, which pilots valued.
Experimental Armament: Some Belgian aces, notably Willy Coppens, experimentally fitted a single, high-caliber 11 mm (.433 in) Vickers machine gun for “balloon busting” sorties against German observation balloons.
Post-War Service: The HD.1 was also used by the US Navy in the 1920s for shipboard launch experiments from platforms mounted on battleship turrets.

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