P-18 radar | |
|---|---|
| 国家 | 苏联 |
| 作用 | 预警 |
| 介绍 | 1970 |
| 建立 | 未知 |
这 P-18 或 1RL131 Terek（也称为北约报告名称"勺子休息 D"在西方）是由前苏联开发和操作的二维 VHF 雷达。
源： 维基百科上的P-18雷达
| P-18 Radar Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographers | Vladimir Yakubov, Carrey |
| Localisation | Stalin Line Museum, Zaslavl, Belarus |
| Photos | 120 |
另请参阅：
General Characteristics and Role
The P-18 (NATO reporting name: “Spoon Rest D”) is a highly mobile, long-range 2D early warning and ground-controlled intercept (GCI) radar system developed and introduced by the Soviet Union in the 1970s. It is a modernized version of the earlier P-12 radar. Its most significant characteristic is its operation in the very high frequency (VHF) band, specifically the **metric wavelength band**. This low operating frequency gives the P-18 a critical advantage: the ability to detect and track modern aircraft designed to be stealthy at higher frequencies, as it exploits the resonance effects and radar cross-section characteristics of aircraft at longer wavelengths. The P-18 is typically deployed on two or three trucks for high mobility and rapid deployment.
| Property | Typical Value (P-18 / 1RL131) |
|---|---|
| 作用 | 2D Early Warning, Target Acquisition, GCI |
| National Origin | Soviet Union (USSR) |
| 制造商 | Soviet/Russian Defence Industry |
| Service Entry | 1970s |
| Operating Frequency | VHF Band (Metric Wavelengths) |
| Antenna Type | Large, highly directional Yagi antenna array |
| Maximum Detection Range | Up to 250 km (160 miles) |
| Maximum Altitude Coverage | Up to 35 km (115,000 ft) |
| 流动性 | Mounted on 2-3 Ural-375 or Ural-4320 trucks |
Technical Operation and Features
- Band Operation (VHF): The P-18 operates in a frequency range (often 150-170 MHz) that is problematic for modern stealth aircraft, which are primarily optimized for defeat against higher frequency radars (like X-band or S-band).
- Counter-Stealth Capability: The long wavelength means the radar energy interacts with the entire structure of a stealth aircraft rather than just the designed low-observable surfaces, leading to a much larger detectable radar cross-section.
- Identification Friend or Foe (IFF): Integrated secondary radar system for identifying friendly aircraft.
- Deployment: The entire system, including the operator cabin and antenna components, can be set up or torn down relatively quickly, typically in less than an hour, enhancing its survivability.
Service and Modernization
- Widespread Use: The P-18 was exported widely throughout the Warsaw Pact and client states across Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.
- Longevity: Due to its effectiveness against stealth, many countries have modernized their P-18 systems with new processing hardware and digital receivers, extending their service life well into the 21st century.
- Notable Success: During the Kosovo War in 1999, a P-18 radar is widely credited with helping to cue the engagement systems that shot down a US F-117 Nighthawk stealth fighter, demonstrating the vulnerability of early-generation stealth technology to low-frequency radar.
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