Intelligent Whale | |
|---|---|
| 国家 | 美国 |
| 作用 | 潜艇 |
| 放下 | 1863 |
| 建立 | 1 |
智能鲸鱼1863年，奥古斯都·普莱斯和科尼利厄斯·斯克兰顿·布什内尔设计了一艘实验性手摇潜艇，由斯考维尔·斯图吉斯·梅里亚姆设计而成。1864年，美国潜艇公司成立，接管了布什内尔和普莱斯的利益，随后就潜艇的所有权问题进行了多年的诉讼。1869年10月29日，当法院确定潜艇所有权时，潜艇通过船东奥利弗·哈尔斯特德和海军部长乔治·罗伯逊向美国海军部签订的合同出售，大部分费用将在审判成功后支付。1872年9月，第一次审判举行，但未获成功，因该部拒绝进一步付款，并放弃了该项目。
源： 维基百科上的智能鲸鱼
| Intelligent Whale Submarine Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographer | Bill Maloney |
| Localisation | Navy Museum, Washington Navy Yard |
| Photos | 27 |
另请参阅：
General Characteristics and Role
The Intelligent Whale was an experimental, iron-hulled submarine developed on the design of Scovel S. Merriam, with construction starting in 1863 during the American Civil War. Its purpose was to carry out clandestine underwater missions, primarily placing explosive charges (mines) on enemy ships or clearing underwater obstacles. The vessel was unique in its reliance on entirely manual power and its method of armament delivery, which required a diver to exit the submerged craft. Although intended for the U.S. Navy, the project was plagued by ownership disputes, litigation, and ultimately failed its official trials.
| Property | Typical Value (Intelligent Whale) |
|---|---|
| 作用 | Experimental / Mine-Laying Submersible |
| National Origin | 美国 |
| 设计师 | Scovel S. Merriam |
| Construction Began | 1863 |
| Acquired by U.S. Navy | October 1869 (Under contingent contract) |
| Hull Construction | Iron (approx. 1/2 inch boiler plate) |
| 长度 | 8.74 m (28 ft 8 in) |
| Width (Beam) | 2.1 m (7 ft) |
| Height (Depth) | 2.7 m (9 ft) |
| Displacement | Estimated 1.8 – 2 tons (approx. 4,000 lbs) |
Operation and Propulsion
- Propulsion: Hand-cranked propeller, operated manually by four crewmen turning a large crank.
- Maximum Speed: Approximately 4 knots (7.4 km/h).
- Crew: 6 to 13 men (6 required for operation).
- Submersion: Achieved by filling water ballast compartments; water was expelled using pumps and compressed air tanks (estimated 10 hours of submerged endurance).
- Armament Delivery: Through a wooden hatch in the bottom of the hull, a diver would exit in a hard hat suit to place an external mine on a target vessel, then return.
Trials and Legacy
- Early Tests: Unofficial tests in 1866 were successful, including a demonstration where a diver placed a charge under a scow and blew it up.
- Official Trial: The critical trial for the Navy purchase took place in 1872 at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The trial failed due to excessive leaks from the top hatch and the submarine becoming fouled under a dock.
- Navy Abandonment: Following the unsuccessful 1872 test, the Navy refused final payment and abandoned the project, judging it a failure.
- Historical Significance: Despite its lack of operational success, the Intelligent Whale is a rare surviving example of early submarine technology. It is credited by some as having inspired later successful submarine pioneer John Philip Holland.
- Current Status: The Intelligent Whale is preserved and displayed at the National Guard Militia Museum of New Jersey in Sea Girt, New Jersey.
意见：1145
