ZSU-57-2

ZSU-57-2
País	URSS
Tipo	Arma antiaérea auto-propulsionada
Tópico	Álbum de 37 fotos walk-around de um ZSU-57-2

O ZSU-57-2 (Ob'yekt 500) é um canhão antiaéreo autopropulsado soviético (SPAAG), armado com dois canhões automáticos de 57 mm. 'ZSU' significa Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka, que significa "montagem autopropulsada antiaérea", '57' significa o furo do armamento em milímetros e '2' significa o número de canos de armas. Origens: Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, as aeronaves de ataque ao solo emergiram como uma ameaça significativa para as unidades mecanizadas em movimento. A artilharia antiaérea rebocada convencional (AA) foi uma resposta inadequada em tais condições devido ao tempo necessário para colocar metralhadoras antiaéreas em ação. Essa experiência deixou claro que um veículo antiaéreo rastreado, armado com autocanhões de pequeno calibre ou metralhadoras pesadas, era necessário. Veículos como o alemão Wirbelwind foram usados com bons efeitos nas batalhas finais da Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Fonte: Wikipédia

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The Accidental Tank Destroyer

O ZSU-57-2 (Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka) was intended to be the Soviet Union’s premier shield against jet aircraft. Entering service in 1955, it featured twin 57mm autocannons mounted on a lightened T-54 chassis. However, it was a “daylight only” weapon with no radar and a slow manual sighting system, making it nearly useless against fast modern jets. While it failed its primary mission, crews quickly discovered its true calling: ground support. Its massive high-velocity shells could shred light bunkers, APCs, and even the side armor of Main Battle Tanks, earning it the nickname “Sparka” (Twin-mount) and a fearsome reputation in urban combat.

Attribute	Technical Specification (ZSU-57-2)
Papel	Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Gun (SPAAG)
tripulação	6 (Commander, Driver, Gunner, Sight Adjuster, 2 Loaders)
Motor	V-54 V12 water-cooled diesel (520 hp)
Maximum Speed	50 km/h (31 mph)
Main Armament	2 × 57 mm S-68 Autocannons
Rate of Fire	210–240 rounds per minute (combined)
Armadura	8 mm to 15 mm (Steel)
peso	28.1 tonnes

Design Engineering: Thin Skin, Big Teeth

The Lightened T-54 Chassis: To save weight for the massive turret, engineers removed one road wheel (reducing it from five to four) and thinned the armor down significantly. While a T-54 could take a hit, the ZSU-57-2 can be damaged by heavy machine gun fire.
The S-68 Autocannon: These guns are modified versions of the towed S-60. They fire a massive 2.8 kg shell with a muzzle velocity of 1,000 m/s. This gives them incredible kinetic energy, allowing the Armor-Piercing (APC-T) rounds to penetrate over 100mm of armor at close range. [Image diagram of the twin S-68 recoil and loading mechanism]
Open-Topped Vulnerability: The turret is massive and open to the sky. While this provides the crew with excellent visibility for tracking planes and prevents toxic fumes from building up, it makes the vehicle extremely vulnerable to airburst shells, grenades, and even rain.
Manual Fire Control: Unlike the later radar-guided “Shilka,” the ZSU-57-2 relies on an optical-mechanical computing sight. A dedicated crew member has to manually input the target’s estimated speed and range—a near-impossible task against supersonic jets.

Operational History: A Global Menace

Vietnam Service: North Vietnamese forces used the ZSU-57-2 during the 1972 Easter Offensive. While it struggled to hit U.S. Phantoms, it was devastatingly effective at clearing South Vietnamese defensive lines and bunkers.
Middle East Wars: In the hands of Syrian and Egyptian forces during the Six-Day War and Yom Kippur War, it was often used as an improvised “assault gun.” Israeli tankers learned to prioritize these vehicles because their twin 57mm guns could disable a tank’s tracks or optics in seconds.
The Yugoslav Wars: During the 1990s, Serbian and Croatian forces used the ZSU-57-2 almost exclusively for ground support. Its ability to elevate its guns nearly vertically made it the perfect tool for clearing snipers out of high-rise buildings.
Modern Obsolescence: By the 1970s, the Soviet Army replaced it with the 23mm ZSU-23-4 Shilka, which traded the 57mm’s “punch” for radar-guided accuracy and a much higher rate of fire.