ZSU-57-2

ZSU-57-2
Kraju	Urss ( urss )
Typu	Samobieżne działo przeciwlotnicze
Temat	Album 37 zdjęcia spacer po ZSU-57-2

Tthe ZSU-57-2 (Ob'yekt 500) to radziecki samobieżny działo przeciwlotnicze (SPAAG), uzbrojony w dwa działa 57 mm. "ZSU" oznacza Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka, co oznacza "przeciwlotniczy samobieżny uchwyt", "57" oznacza otwór uzbrojenia w milimetrach i "2" oznacza liczbę luf dział. Pochodzenia: Podczas II wojny światowej samoloty szturmowe stały się znaczącym zagrożeniem dla zmiecizowanych jednostek w ruchu. Konwencjonalna artyleria holowana przeciwlotnicza (AA) była niewystarczającą reakcją w takich warunkach ze względu na czas potrzebny na wprowadzenie do akcji przeciwlotniczych karabinów maszynowych. Doświadczenie to pokazało, że potrzebny jest pojazd gąsienicowy przeciwlotniczy, uzbrojony w małe otwory lub ciężkie karabiny maszynowe. Pojazdy takie jak niemiecki Wirbelwind zostały wykorzystane do dobrego efektu w ostatnich bitwach II wojny światowej.

Źródła: Wikipedia

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ZSU-57-2

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The Accidental Tank Destroyer

Tthe ZSU-57-2 (Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka) was intended to be the Soviet Union’s premier shield against jet aircraft. Entering service in 1955, it featured twin 57mm autocannons mounted on a lightened T-54 chassis. However, it was a “daylight only” weapon with no radar and a slow manual sighting system, making it nearly useless against fast modern jets. While it failed its primary mission, crews quickly discovered its true calling: ground support. Its massive high-velocity shells could shred light bunkers, APCs, and even the side armor of Main Battle Tanks, earning it the nickname “Sparka” (Twin-mount) and a fearsome reputation in urban combat.

Attribute	Technical Specification (ZSU-57-2)
Roli	Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Gun (SPAAG)
Załogi	6 (Commander, Driver, Gunner, Sight Adjuster, 2 Loaders)
Silnika	V-54 V12 water-cooled diesel (520 hp)
Prędkość maksymalna	50 km/h (31 mph)
Uzbrojenie główne	2 × 57 mm S-68 Autocannons
Rate of Fire	210–240 rounds per minute (combined)
Zbroja	8 mm to 15 mm (Steel)
Waga	28.1 tonnes

Design Engineering: Thin Skin, Big Teeth

The Lightened T-54 Chassis: To save weight for the massive turret, engineers removed one road wheel (reducing it from five to four) and thinned the armor down significantly. While a T-54 could take a hit, the ZSU-57-2 can be damaged by heavy machine gun fire.
The S-68 Autocannon: These guns are modified versions of the towed S-60. They fire a massive 2.8 kg shell with a muzzle velocity of 1,000 m/s. This gives them incredible kinetic energy, allowing the Armor-Piercing (APC-T) rounds to penetrate over 100mm of armor at close range. [Image diagram of the twin S-68 recoil and loading mechanism]
Open-Topped Vulnerability: The turret is massive and open to the sky. While this provides the crew with excellent visibility for tracking planes and prevents toxic fumes from building up, it makes the vehicle extremely vulnerable to airburst shells, grenades, and even rain.
Manual Fire Control: Unlike the later radar-guided “Shilka,” the ZSU-57-2 relies on an optical-mechanical computing sight. A dedicated crew member has to manually input the target’s estimated speed and range—a near-impossible task against supersonic jets.

Operational History: A Global Menace

Vietnam Service: North Vietnamese forces used the ZSU-57-2 during the 1972 Easter Offensive. While it struggled to hit U.S. Phantoms, it was devastatingly effective at clearing South Vietnamese defensive lines and bunkers.
Middle East Wars: In the hands of Syrian and Egyptian forces during the Six-Day War and Yom Kippur War, it was often used as an improvised “assault gun.” Israeli tankers learned to prioritize these vehicles because their twin 57mm guns could disable a tank’s tracks or optics in seconds.
The Yugoslav Wars: During the 1990s, Serbian and Croatian forces used the ZSU-57-2 almost exclusively for ground support. Its ability to elevate its guns nearly vertically made it the perfect tool for clearing snipers out of high-rise buildings.
Modern Obsolescence: By the 1970s, the Soviet Army replaced it with the 23mm ZSU-23-4 Shilka, which traded the 57mm’s “punch” for radar-guided accuracy and a much higher rate of fire.