祖-57-2 | |
|---|---|
| 国家 | 乌尔斯 |
| 类型 | 自行高射炮 |
| 主题 | 专辑 37 照片走动的一个 祖-57-2 |
这 祖-57-2 （Ob'yekt 500）是苏联自行高射炮（SPAAG），装备有两个57毫米自动炮。"ZSU"代表泽尼特纳亚·萨莫霍德纳亚·乌斯塔诺夫卡，意思是"防空自行坐骑"，"57"代表毫米的军备孔，"2"代表枪桶的数量。 起源： 第二次世界大战期间，地面攻击机成为机械化部队移动中的一个重大威胁。由于需要时间使高射机枪投入使用，常规拖曳式防空炮在这种条件下反应不足。这一经验表明，需要一辆配备小孔自动炮或重机枪的防空履带式车辆。德国维尔贝尔温德等车辆在第二次世界大战的最后战役中取得了良好的效果。
源： 维基 百科
| ZSU-57-2 四处走动 | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 未知 |
| 本地化 | 未知 |
| 照片 | 59 |
另请参阅：
The Accidental Tank Destroyer
这 祖-57-2 (Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka) was intended to be the Soviet Union’s premier shield against jet aircraft. Entering service in 1955, it featured twin 57mm autocannons mounted on a lightened T-54 chassis. However, it was a “daylight only” weapon with no radar and a slow manual sighting system, making it nearly useless against fast modern jets. While it failed its primary mission, crews quickly discovered its true calling: ground support. Its massive high-velocity shells could shred light bunkers, APCs, and even the side armor of Main Battle Tanks, earning it the nickname “Sparka” (Twin-mount) and a fearsome reputation in urban combat.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (ZSU-57-2) |
|---|---|
| 作用 | Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Gun (SPAAG) |
| 船员 | 6 (Commander, Driver, Gunner, Sight Adjuster, 2 Loaders) |
| 发动机 | V-54 V12 water-cooled diesel (520 hp) |
| 最高速度 | 50 km/h (31 mph) |
| 主要武器装备 | 2 × 57 mm S-68 Autocannons |
| Rate of Fire | 210–240 rounds per minute (combined) |
| 装甲 | 8 mm to 15 mm (Steel) |
| 重量 | 28.1 tonnes |
Design Engineering: Thin Skin, Big Teeth
- The Lightened T-54 Chassis: To save weight for the massive turret, engineers removed one road wheel (reducing it from five to four) and thinned the armor down significantly. While a T-54 could take a hit, the ZSU-57-2 can be damaged by heavy machine gun fire.
- The S-68 Autocannon: These guns are modified versions of the towed S-60. They fire a massive 2.8 kg shell with a muzzle velocity of 1,000 m/s. This gives them incredible kinetic energy, allowing the Armor-Piercing (APC-T) rounds to penetrate over 100mm of armor at close range. [Image diagram of the twin S-68 recoil and loading mechanism]
- Open-Topped Vulnerability: The turret is massive and open to the sky. While this provides the crew with excellent visibility for tracking planes and prevents toxic fumes from building up, it makes the vehicle extremely vulnerable to airburst shells, grenades, and even rain.
- Manual Fire Control: Unlike the later radar-guided “Shilka,” the ZSU-57-2 relies on an optical-mechanical computing sight. A dedicated crew member has to manually input the target’s estimated speed and range—a near-impossible task against supersonic jets.
Operational History: A Global Menace
- Vietnam Service: North Vietnamese forces used the ZSU-57-2 during the 1972 Easter Offensive. While it struggled to hit U.S. Phantoms, it was devastatingly effective at clearing South Vietnamese defensive lines and bunkers.
- Middle East Wars: In the hands of Syrian and Egyptian forces during the Six-Day War and Yom Kippur War, it was often used as an improvised “assault gun.” Israeli tankers learned to prioritize these vehicles because their twin 57mm guns could disable a tank’s tracks or optics in seconds.
- The Yugoslav Wars: During the 1990s, Serbian and Croatian forces used the ZSU-57-2 almost exclusively for ground support. Its ability to elevate its guns nearly vertically made it the perfect tool for clearing snipers out of high-rise buildings.
- Modern Obsolescence: By the 1970s, the Soviet Army replaced it with the 23mm ZSU-23-4 希尔卡, which traded the 57mm’s “punch” for radar-guided accuracy and a much higher rate of fire.
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