Avro Lancaster | |
|---|---|
| Pays | Royaume-uni |
| Rôle | Bombardier |
| Premier vol | Le 9 janvier 1941 |
| Construit | 7377 |
Lla Avro Lancaster is a British four-engined Second World War heavy bomber. It was designed and manufactured by Avro as a contemporary of the Handley Page Halifax, both bombers having been developed to the same specification, as well as the Short Stirling, all three aircraft being four-engined heavy bombers adopted by the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the same wartime era. The Lancaster has its origins in the twin-engine Avro Manchester which had been developed during the late 1930s in response to the Air Ministry Specification P.13/36 for a capable medium bomber for « utilisation mondiale ». Développé à l’origine comme une évolution de la Manchester (qui s’était avéré gênant dans le service et a été retiré en 1942), le Lancaster a été conçu par Roy Chadwick et alimenté par quatre Rolls-Royce Merlins et dans une version, Bristol Hercules moteurs. Il a d’abord vu le service avec le Commandement des bombardiers de la RAF en 1942 et comme l’offensive de bombardement stratégique au-dessus de l’Europe a pris de l’ampleur, il a été l’avion principal pour les campagnes de bombardement de nuit qui ont suivi. À mesure qu’un nombre croissant de ce type étaient produits, il devint le principal bombardier lourd utilisé par la RAF, l’ARC et des escadrons d’autres pays du Commonwealth et d’Europe servant au sein de la RAF, éclipsant des contemporains comme Halifax et Stirling.
Source: Avro Lancaster sur Wikipedia
| Avro Lancaster | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Rato Marczak |
| Localisation | Inconnu |
| Photos | 83 |
| Avro Lancaster Se promener | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Maxwell Williams |
| Localisation | Inconnu |
| Photos | 89 |
| Lancaster FM159 Se promener | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Ron Patterson |
| Localisation | Inconnu |
| Photos | 22 |
| Lancaster Mk.X KB 944 RCAF Walk Around | |
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| Photographe | Don Allen |
| Localisation | Inconnu |
| Photos | 33 |
| Avro Lancaster Mk.I Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Don Alen |
| Localisation | Inconnu |
| Photos | 81 |
Voir aussi :
| Lancaster Bomber VRA Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Don Alen |
| Localisation | Inconnu |
| Photos | 43 |
The Avro Lancaster was the most famous and successful British four-engine heavy bomber used by the Royal Air Force (RAF) during World War II. It was the primary aircraft of Bomber Command’s strategic bombing offensive against Nazi Germany from 1942 onwards.
Key Features and Design
- Origine: Developed by Roy Chadwick as a more powerful, four-engine evolution of the earlier Avro Manchester bomber.
- Engines: Typically powered by four Rolls-Royce Merlin V-12 engines, known for their reliability and performance.
- Bomb Bay: A defining characteristic was its long, unobstructed 33-foot bomb bay, allowing it to carry the heaviest ordnance of the war.
- Équipage: Operated by a crew of seven: Pilot, Flight Engineer, Navigator, Wireless Operator, Bomb Aimer/Front Gunner, Mid-Upper Gunner, and Rear Gunner.
- Armement: Defensive firepower mainly consisted of several hydraulically-powered turrets mounting .303-calibre machine guns.
Notable Missions and Significance
The Lancaster’s robust design and lifting power made it crucial to the Allied war effort. It delivered over 600,000 tons of bombs during the war and was adapted for specialized raids.
- The Dambusters Raid (Operation Chastise, May 1943): Modified Lancasters of No. 617 Squadron were used to deliver the revolutionary « bouncing bomb » against the major dams of the Ruhr Valley, disrupting German industrial production.
- Heavy Ordnance Delivery: It was the only bomber capable of carrying the massive « earthquake bombs, » Lla 12,000 lb Tallboy and 22,000 lb Grand Slam, used against fortified targets like U-boat pens and the battleship Tirpitz.
- Casualties: The aircraft is also a symbol of the immense sacrifice of RAF Bomber Command, which suffered the highest casualty rate of any British service in the war.
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