Myasishchev M-4 Bison

Myasishchev M-4 Bison
Pays	Union soviétique
Type	Bombardier stratégique
Premier vol	20 janvier 1953
Construit	91+2

Galerie de photos d’un M-4 Bison, The Myasishchev M-4 Molot (Russian: Молот (Hammer), USAF/DoD reporting name « Type 37 »Bison) est un bombardier stratégique quadrimoteur conçu par Vladimir Myasishchev et fabriqué par l’Union soviétique dans les années 1950 pour fournir un bombardier d’aviation à long rayon d’action capable d’attaquer des cibles en Amérique du Nord. Le bureau d’études Myasishchev a été formé pour construire un tel bombardier.

Source: M-4 Bison sur Wiki

Myasishchev M-4 Bison
Photographe	Unknow
Localisation	Boris Vasiljev
Photos	13

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M-4 Bison Se promener
Photographe	Sergueï Tsvetkov
Localisation	Base aérienne de Dyagilevo, Ryazan, Russie
Photos	29

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Achetez-moi un café

Myasischev M-4 Walk Around
Photographe	Unknow
Localisation	Evgenii Malinovskii
Photos	31

Myasischev M-4

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Voir aussi :

Lla « Bomber Gap » Provocateur

Lla Myasishchev M-4 was a massive, four-engined jet bomber that sent shockwaves through the Pentagon when it debuted over Moscow’s Red Square in 1954. It was the Soviet response to the American B-52, designed to carry nuclear payloads across the North Pole. While its elegant swept-wing design and buried engines gave it high performance, its initial range fell short of reaching the United States and returning. However, its psychological impact was immense: by flying the same 10 aircraft in circles over a military parade, the Soviets fooled Western observers into believing they had hundreds, sparking the infamous « Bomber Gap » arms race.

Attribute	Technical Specification (M-4 Bison-A)
Rôle	Strategic Bomber / Tanker
Crew	8 (Pilots, Navigators, Gunner/Engineers)
First Flight	January 20, 1953
Groupe motopropulseur	4 × Mikulin AM-3A turbojets
Thrust	19,290 lbf (85.8 kN) each
Vitesse maximale	947 km/h (588 mph)
charge utile	Up to 24,000 kg (52,910 lbs) of internal bombs
Defensive Armament	6–10 × 23 mm AM-23 cannons in 3–5 turrets

Design Engineering: The Bicycle Gear and Buried Engines

Bicycle Landing Gear: Like the American B-47, the M-4 used a « tandem » or bicycle gear—two massive bogies under the fuselage. To keep the long, flexible wings from scraping the ground during takeoff, it featured small outrigger wheels at the wingtips.
Lla « Kneeling » Takeoff: To help the heavy bomber lift its nose during takeoff, the nose landing gear was designed to « extend » or jack up the front of the plane while on the runway, increasing the wing’s angle of attack.
Buried Engines: Unlike the B-52, which used engines on underwing pylons, the M-4 buried its four massive turbojets deep inside the wing roots. While this made for a very clean, low-drag aerodynamic profile, it made maintenance difficult and posed a fire risk to the wing structure.
Glass « Greenhouse » Nose: Early variants featured a large glazed nose for the navigator/bombardier, a hallmark of WWII-era design that was eventually replaced in later 3M models by a solid radar nose and an aerial refueling probe.

Legacy: The Tanker of the Skies

The 3M Evolution: The range issues of the original M-4 were addressed in the 3M (Bison-B) variant, which featured much more fuel-efficient VD-7 engines and a lighter airframe, finally achieving true intercontinental capability.
The Atlantic « Wolf »: Because it was faster than the turboprop Tu-95, the Bison was often used for long-range maritime reconnaissance, tracking NATO carrier groups across the Atlantic.
The VM-T « Atlant »: Three Bisons were radically modified into the VM-T heavy lifter. These aircraft featured a massive « piggyback » structure to carry the Buran space shuttle Et Energia rocket components on their backs.
Longevity as a Tanker: Although replaced as a bomber by the Tu-95 and Tu-160, the Bison lived on as the Soviet Union’s primary heavy aerial tanker (M-4-2 and 3MS-2) until the early 1990s, fueling the very bombers that had outlasted it.