Tá de Havilland upír je britský proudový stíhací letoun vyvinutý a vyráběný společností de Havilland Aircraft Company. Práce na letadle začaly během druhé světové války jako do značné míry experimentální letadlo vhodné pro boj, které využilo průkopnickou inovaci tryskového pohonu; bylo rychle rozhodnuto zvolit jednomotorový dvoumotorový dvoumotorový letoun vybavený proudovým motorem Halford H.1 (později de Havilland Goblin). Původně objednané pouze jako experimentální letadlo bylo rozhodnutí sériově vyrábět letadlo jako stíhací letoun pro Royal Air Force (RAF) dokončeno v květnu 1944.
Tá de Havilland upírwas the second jet-powered aircraft to enter service with the RAF, following the Gloster Meteor. However, the Vampire was unique in its construction; while it was a cutting-edge jet, its fuselage was built using the samemolded plywoodtechnique perfected on the wooden Mosquito. TheFB.6was a specialized Fighter-Bomber export version produced for Switzerland, representing the pinnacle of the single-seat Vampire’s development with an uprated engine and increased weight capacity.
Attribute
Technical Specification (Vampire FB.6)
Roli
Stíhací bombardér
Posádky
1 (Pilot)
First Flight (Vampire)
September 20, 1943
Pohonná jednotka
1 × de Havilland Goblin 3 centrifugal-flow turbojet
Thrust
3,350 lbf (14.9 kN)
Maximum Speed
548 mph (882 km/h)
Service Ceiling
42,800 feet (13,045 m)
Zbrojení
4 × 20mm Hispano Mk V cannons; 8 × rockets or 2,000 lbs of bombs
Twin Booms and Goblin Fire
The Twin-Boom Design:de Havilland used a twin-boom tail to allow the jet exhaust to be as short as possible. This minimized the loss of thrust associated with long tailpipes, which was critical for the relatively weak early turbojets.
Centrifugal-Flow Engine:The Goblin engine used a large, spinning compressor. Because it was wider than later “axial-flow” jets, the Vampire has its distinctive “pancake” fuselage shape. It was incredibly reliable and simple to maintain.
Mixed Construction:While the tail booms and wings were metal, the cockpit “pod” was made of balsa wood sandwiched between layers of birch. This made the Vampire lighter and faster than many all-metal contemporaries.
The “FB” Evolution:The FB (Fighter-Bomber) series featured clipped wings compared to the original interceptors. This improved low-level handling and allowed for a much higher roll rate during ground-attack maneuvers.
Global Service and Swiss Precision
The Swiss FB.6:Switzerland was a major operator of the FB.6. They loved the aircraft for its ability to operate out of short runways in narrow alpine valleys. Many Swiss Vampires were later fitted with “Pinocchio” noses to house additional avionics.
Naval Firsts:A modified Vampire (the Sea Vampire) was the first pure jet aircraft in history to land on and take off from an aircraft carrier (HMSOcean) in 1945.
A Pilot’s Favorite:Pilots loved the Vampire for its excellent visibility—since there was no engine in front—and its forgiving flight characteristics. It was often described as flying like a “high-speed Tiger Moth.”
The T.11 Trainer:The Vampire’s success led to the T.11, a side-by-side two-seat trainer that taught an entire generation of pilots how to fly jets. Its distinctive “egg” shaped cockpit became a common sight across the British Commonwealth.
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