伊柳辛 Il - 2 | |
|---|---|
| 国家 | 乌尔斯 |
| 类型 | 地面攻击机 |
| 首次飞行 | 1939年10月2日 |
| 建立 | 38183 |
这 伊柳辛 Il - 2 （西里尔：Илью́шин Ил-2）斯图莫维克是苏联在第二次世界大战期间大量生产的地面攻击机（西里尔：Штурмови́к，奥图尔莫维克）。战争期间生产的Il-2有36，183架， 结合其继任者，Ilyushin Il-10，共建造了42，330架，使其成为航空史上单架生产最多的军用飞机设计，以及历史上生产最多的驾驶飞机之一，以及美国战后民用塞斯纳172和苏联自己的当代波利卡波夫Po-2库库鲁兹尼克多用途双翼飞机。
源： 维基 百科
| Iliouchine Il-2 | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 未知 |
| 本地化 | 未知 |
| 照片 | 36 |
| Ilyushin Il-2M3 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 弗拉基米尔·亚库博夫 |
| 本地化 | 飞行遗产收藏 |
| 照片 | 72 |
| Ilyushin Il-2 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 未知 |
| 本地化 | 未知 |
| 照片 | 14 |
另请参阅：
| IL-2M3 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Il-2 生产 1944 "带箭的翅膀": Referred in West as “Il-2M3” or “Il-2 Type 3”. As more duralumin became available for the Soviet aviation industry, the Il-2 received a set of all-metal wing panels. At the same time, the outer wing planform was swept back, with a straight trailing edge, since the centre of gravity was shifted rearwards after the gunner was added. The wing planform change regained controllability of the two-seat Il-2 back to level of the single-seat Il-2. | |
| 摄影师 | 塞巴斯蒂安·里奥斯，马丁·塞德拉切克 |
| 本地化 | 未知 |
| 照片 | 26 |
Role and Design Concept
The Ilyushin Il-2, known as the 什图尔莫维克 (Russian for “Storm Bird”), was the primary Soviet ground-attack aircraft of World War II. It was designed from the outset by Sergey Ilyushin’s bureau to be a low-altitude attack platform, built around a unique protective “armored tub.”
The “Flying Tank”
The most distinctive and vital feature of the Il-2 was its integrated armor protection. The forward section of the fuselage—which encased the engine, cockpit, radiators, and fuel tank—was constructed as a single, welded, armored shell of thick steel plate (up to 12 mm). This heavy protection earned it the German nicknames of “Flying Tank” 和 “Concrete Plane,” making it famously resistant to small arms fire and light anti-aircraft weapons.
Early models were single-seaters, but high losses from enemy fighters attacking from the rear quickly led to the development of the most common version, the two-seat **Il-2M3**. This variant added a gunner position with a defensive 12.7 mm machine gun, albeit often in a less-protected section of the fuselage. The airframe itself utilized a mix of materials; while the front was steel, the aft fuselage and wings were often constructed with wood due to wartime shortages of strategic metals.
Armament and Impact
The Shturmovik delivered a devastating punch to enemy ground forces. Its typical armament package was designed for maximum destruction of armored columns and troop concentrations:
- Main Guns: Two fixed forward-firing 23 mm VYa-23 cannons and two machine guns. Later versions mounted larger 37 mm cannons for greater anti-tank capability.
- Rockets and Bombs: It carried a load of rockets (RS-82 or RS-132) and high-explosive bombs. Crucially, it was one of the first aircraft to effectively utilize **PTAB anti-tank bomblets**, which, when scattered from low altitude, could strike the thinly armored tops of German tanks.
Its effectiveness in stopping German Panzer (tank) divisions, particularly during pivotal battles like Kursk, led Joseph Stalin to famously state that the aircraft was “as necessary to the Red Army as air or bread.” Its service life extended beyond WWII, continuing in use with various Soviet-allied nations.
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