福克-伍尔夫-Fw-190A-9–四处走动

照片库上的福克-沃尔夫Fw-190A-9， 福克-伍尔夫 190 是二战的德国单座单引擎战斗机轰炸机。生产超过20，000单位，它被拒绝在几个衍生的模型，取代了Jungers Ju87（斯图卡）作为地面部队的支持飞机和梅塞施密特Bf110作为重型战斗机。它被认为是拉夫特瓦夫的第一个真正的战斗机轰炸机。 版本 Fw-190 A-9 ：Fw-190 A的最后一个变种将进行批量生产。它收到了一个新的引擎和一个新的扩大驾驶舱，从Fw-190 F-8借用。根据新发动机的交付情况，其生产将继续与 Fw-190 A-8 并排进行。

源： 维基百科上的福克-沃尔夫

The **Focke-Wulf Fw 190A** was a formidable German single-seat fighter aircraft introduced in 1941, designed by Kurt Tank to complement and eventually surpass the Messerschmitt Bf 109. It was immediately recognizable and highly effective, quickly establishing air superiority over the English Channel against contemporary Allied fighters like the Spitfire Mk. V.

Design and Powerplant

The defining feature of the Fw 190A series was its powerful, air-cooled **BMW 801 radial engine**. This contrasted sharply with the liquid-cooled inline engines of the Bf 109 and most Allied fighters.

• 发动机： The **BMW 801** was a robust 14-cylinder, two-row radial engine, offering high power and a greater resistance to battle damage than liquid-cooled designs.
• Kommandogerät: It utilized a sophisticated, electro-mechanical management system (the *Kommandogerät*) that simplified engine control for the pilot by automatically coordinating propeller pitch, throttle, and mixture.
• Landing Gear: The Fw 190 featured a **wide-track landing gear**, retracting inward into the wing. This provided excellent stability and significantly better ground handling compared to the narrow, outward-retracting gear of the Bf 109.

Performance and Role

The Fw 190A was known as a rugged “workhorse” that excelled in several performance areas, particularly at low and medium altitudes (below 20,000 ft):

• Speed and Dive: It was extremely fast in a dive, making it ideal for **”Boom-and-Zoom”** tactics—attacking with speed and immediately escaping.
• Roll Rate: Its short, stiff wings gave it an **exceptional roll rate**, allowing it to outmaneuver opponents axially.
• Roles: Though primarily a fighter, its strong airframe and powerful engine allowed it to be readily adapted for a wide variety of combat roles, including **fighter-bomber** (*Jabo*) and specialized heavily-armed **bomber interceptor** (especially the later A-8/R2 variants).

Standard Armament (Typical A-Series)

The Fw 190A was renowned for its unprecedented heavy armament, giving it a devastating punch, particularly against Allied heavy bombers.

• Fuselage: Two **MG 17 7.92 mm machine guns** (later upgraded to **MG 131 13 mm machine guns** on models like the A-7 and A-8) mounted over the engine and synchronized to fire through the propeller.
• Wing Root: Two **20 mm MG 151/20 cannon** in the wing roots.
• Outer Wing: In early variants (A-1 through A-5), two **20 mm MG FF/M cannons** were fitted outboard. Later variants (A-6 onwards) standardized the armament by replacing these with the more powerful and reliable **20 mm MG 151/20 cannon**, giving the Fw 190 an imposing four-cannon firepower layout.