Претендент 1 | |
| Страны | Великобритании |
| Тип | Главный боевой танк |
| В эксплуатации | 1983–2001 |
| Построен | 420 |
Teh FV4030/4 Челленджер 1 — британский основной боевой танк (ОБТ), использовавшийся британской армией с 1983 по 2001 год, когда он был заменен Challenger 2. Большая часть флота Challenger 1 была впоследствии продана Иордании, где она оставалась на вооружении Королевской иорданской армии до тех пор, пока в 2018 году не было объявлено о выводе войск. Известные на местном уровне как Al-Hussein, эти машины получили различные иорданские модификации, прежде чем были заменены французскими танками Leclerc из ОАЭ и бывшими итальянскими колесными истребителями танков B1 Centauro 8×8. Иорданский флот Challenger 1 был списан к январю 2023 года
Источник: Претендент 1 I в Википедии
| Challenger 1 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Фотограф | Даррен Бейкер |
| Локализации | Неизвестная |
| Фотографии | 32 |
| Challenger CRARRV Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Фотограф | Неизвестная |
| Локализации | Неизвестная |
| Фотографии | 30 |
From Persian Order to British Service
Teh Претендент 1 began its life as the “Shir 2,” a tank intended for the Imperial Iranian Armoured Forces. Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the project was taken over by the British Ministry of Defence to replace the aging Chieftain. While it shared the Chieftain’s lethal 120mm rifled gun, the Challenger 1 introduced a revolutionary leap in protection: Chobham Armour. It served as the UK’s primary Main Battle Tank throughout the late Cold War and cemented its legendary status during the Gulf War.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (Challenger 1) |
|---|---|
| Роль | Main Battle Tank (MBT) |
| Экипажа | 4 (Commander, Gunner, Loader, Driver) |
| Основное вооружение | L11A5 120 mm Rifled Gun |
| Вспомогательное вооружение | 2 x 7.62 mm L8A2 & L37A2 Machine Guns |
| Protection | Chobham Armour (Ceramic/Steel Composite) |
| Силовая установка | Perkins CV12 26-litre V12 Diesel (1,200 hp) |
| Суспензия | Hydrogas (Hydropneumatic) |
| Max Road Speed | 56 km/h (35 mph) |
The Chobham Revolution
- Composite Matrix: Unlike previous tanks made of solid steel, the Challenger 1 used Chobham armour, a classified “sandwich” of ceramics and metals. This provided world-leading protection against both Kinetic Energy (KE) rounds and High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) shaped charges.
- Sloped Turret Design: The turret was characterized by sharp, flat-sloped cheeks designed to maximize the thickness of the Chobham matrix that an incoming shell would have to penetrate.
- Hydrogas Suspension: The Challenger 1 replaced traditional torsion bars with a nitrogen-filled hydropneumatic system. This allowed the 62-ton tank to maintain high speeds over rough terrain while providing a stable platform for the gunner.
The Gulf War Performance
- World Record Sniper: During Operation Granby (1991), a Challenger 1 achieved the longest confirmed tank-to-tank kill in history, destroying an Iraqi T-55 from a distance of 5.1 kilometers (over 3 miles) using an L15 APFSDS round.
- Combat Readiness: Despite early concerns regarding its Fire Control System (FCS) during NATO’s “Canadian Army Trophy” competitions, the Challenger 1 proved exceptionally reliable in the harsh desert, achieving zero losses to enemy fire during the conflict.
- Rifled vs. Smoothbore: British tanks remained unique by sticking with rifled guns. This allowed the use of the HESH (High-Explosive Squash Head) round, which is devastating against bunkers and light structures, though it required two-part ammunition (projectile and charge).
Retirement and Succession
The Challenger 1 was replaced by the Челленджер 2 in the late 1990s. While they look similar, the Challenger 2 is almost entirely new, with only 5% part commonality. Most retired Challenger 1 tanks were sold to Иордания, where they served as the “Al-Hussein” MBT until their recent retirement.
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