챌린저 1 | |
| 국가 | 영국 |
| 형식 | 메인 배틀 탱크 |
| 서비스 중 | 1983–2001 |
| 내장 | 420 |
Tthe FV4030/4 챌린저 1 1983년부터 2001년까지 영국군이 사용한 영국 주력전차(MBT)로 챌린저 2로 대체되었습니다. 챌린저 1 함대의 대부분은 이후 요르단에 매각되어 2018년 철수가 발표될 때까지 요르단 왕립 육군에서 근무했습니다. 현지에서 알 후세인(Al-Hussein)으로 알려진 이 차량은 UAE의 프랑스제 르클레르 전차와 전 이탈리아 B1 Centauro 8×8 차륜 구축전차로 교체되기 전에 다양한 요르단 개조를 받았습니다. 요르단 챌린저 1 함대는 2023년 1월까지 퇴역했습니다.
소스: 챌린저 1 I ― 위키피디아
| Challenger 1 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 사진 작가 | 대런 베이커 |
| 로컬라이제이션 | Unknow |
| 사진 | 32 |
| Challenger CRARRV Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 사진 작가 | Unknow |
| 로컬라이제이션 | Unknow |
| 사진 | 30 |
From Persian Order to British Service
Tthe 챌린저 1 began its life as the “Shir 2,” a tank intended for the Imperial Iranian Armoured Forces. Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the project was taken over by the British Ministry of Defence to replace the aging Chieftain. While it shared the Chieftain’s lethal 120mm rifled gun, the Challenger 1 introduced a revolutionary leap in protection: Chobham Armour. It served as the UK’s primary Main Battle Tank throughout the late Cold War and cemented its legendary status during the Gulf War.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (Challenger 1) |
|---|---|
| 역할 | Main Battle Tank (MBT) |
| 승무원 | 4 (Commander, Gunner, Loader, Driver) |
| 주무장 | L11A5 120 mm Rifled Gun |
| 보조 무장 | 2 x 7.62 mm L8A2 & L37A2 Machine Guns |
| Protection | Chobham Armour (Ceramic/Steel Composite) |
| 동력 장치 | Perkins CV12 26-litre V12 Diesel (1,200 hp) |
| 서스펜션 | Hydrogas (Hydropneumatic) |
| Max Road Speed | 56 km/h (35 mph) |
The Chobham Revolution
- Composite Matrix: Unlike previous tanks made of solid steel, the Challenger 1 used Chobham armour, a classified “sandwich” of ceramics and metals. This provided world-leading protection against both Kinetic Energy (KE) rounds and High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) shaped charges.
- Sloped Turret Design: The turret was characterized by sharp, flat-sloped cheeks designed to maximize the thickness of the Chobham matrix that an incoming shell would have to penetrate.
- Hydrogas Suspension: The Challenger 1 replaced traditional torsion bars with a nitrogen-filled hydropneumatic system. This allowed the 62-ton tank to maintain high speeds over rough terrain while providing a stable platform for the gunner.
The Gulf War Performance
- World Record Sniper: During Operation Granby (1991), a Challenger 1 achieved the longest confirmed tank-to-tank kill in history, destroying an Iraqi T-55 from a distance of 5.1 kilometers (over 3 miles) using an L15 APFSDS round.
- Combat Readiness: Despite early concerns regarding its Fire Control System (FCS) during NATO’s “Canadian Army Trophy” competitions, the Challenger 1 proved exceptionally reliable in the harsh desert, achieving zero losses to enemy fire during the conflict.
- Rifled vs. Smoothbore: British tanks remained unique by sticking with rifled guns. This allowed the use of the HESH (High-Explosive Squash Head) round, which is devastating against bunkers and light structures, though it required two-part ammunition (projectile and charge).
Retirement and Succession
The Challenger 1 was replaced by the 챌린저 2 in the late 1990s. While they look similar, the Challenger 2 is almost entirely new, with only 5% part commonality. Most retired Challenger 1 tanks were sold to 요르단, where they served as the “Al-Hussein” MBT until their recent retirement.
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