V-2 Missile

V-2 Missile

PaysAllemagne nazie
TypeMissile
Produit16 mars 1942 - 1945
ConstruitPlus de 3000

Galerie de photos d’un V-2 Missile, The V-2 (German: Vergeltungswaffe 2, « Arme de rétribution 2 »), nom technique Aggregat 4 (A4), était le monde’premier missile balistique guidé à longue portée. Le missile avec un moteur-fusée à propergol liquide a été développé pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale en Allemagne en tant que « arme de vengeance, » villes alliées en représailles aux bombardements alliés contre les villes allemandes. La fusée V-2 est également devenue le premier objet artificiel à franchir la frontière de l’espace avec le lancement vertical de MW 18014 le 20 juin 1944.

Source: Missile V-2 sur Wiki

V-2 Missile
PhotographeVladimir Yakubov
LocalisationInconnu
Photos29
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German V-2 Rocket Walk Around
PhotographeInconnu
LocalisationInconnu
Photos22

Voir aussi :

Seconde Guerre mondiale : l’histoire visuelle définitive de la Blitzkrieg à la bombe atomique (DK Definitive Visual Histories) - Amazon Carte par carte de la Seconde Guerre mondiale (carte par carte de l’histoire du Danemark) - Amazon


The Dawn of the Space Age

Lla V-2 Rocket (technical name A4) was a terrifying technological marvel that bridged the gap between conventional artillery and the Space Age. Developed by Wernher von Braun and his team at Peenemünde, it was the world’s first long-range guided ballistic missile. Unlike the V-1 « Buzz Bomb, » the V-2 traveled at supersonic speeds, striking without warning from the edge of space. While its military impact was limited by its high cost and inaccuracy, it changed history by proving that liquid-fueled rockets could reach the vacuum of space, laying the foundation for both the Cold War ICBMs and the Apollo moon landings.

Attribute Technical Specification (V-2 / A4)
Rôle Short-range Ballistic Missile (SRBM)
moteur Liquid-fueled Rocket (Alcohol/Water + Liquid Oxygen)
Thrust 56,000 lbf (250 kN) at sea level
Vitesse maximale 5,760 km/h (3,580 mph) — Mach 4.7
Maximum Altitude 88 km (55 miles) — reaching up to 180 km in tests
Range 320 km (200 miles)
Warhead 1,000 kg (2,205 lb) Amatol explosive
Guidance Inertial (Gyroscopes and PJS)

Design Engineering: Physics of the « Vengeance » Weapon

  • Liquid Fuel Turbopump: To push massive amounts of fuel into the combustion chamber, the V-2 used a turbopump powered by a steam turbine. The steam was created by mixing hydrogen peroxide with a sodium permanganate catalyst. This same basic turbopump technology is still used in modern rockets today.
  • Graphite Vanes: Because the rocket needed to be guided during the initial slow ascent before its aerodynamic fins became effective, it used four heat-resistant graphite vanes placed directly in the engines exhaust stream. By tilting these vanes, the rocket could steer itself.
  • Regenerative Cooling: To prevent the engine from melting, the alcohol fuel was circulated through a « jacket » around the combustion chamber before being burned. This cooled the metal walls while pre-heating the fuel for better combustion.
  • Inertial Guidance: The V-2 carried two gyroscopes that detected deviations in pitch and yaw. An analog computer (the LEV-3) then sent electrical signals to the vanes to keep the rocket on its pre-calculated trajectory.

Legacy: From Peenemünde to Cape Canaveral

  • The First Photo from Space: On October 24, 1946, a captured V-2 launched by Americans at White Sands, New Mexico, took the first photograph of Earth from an altitude of 105 km.
  • Operation Paperclip: At the end of WWII, the United States and the Soviet Union scrambled to capture V-2 parts and scientists. Wernher von Braun surrendered to the Americans, eventually designing the Saturn V rocket that took humans to the Moon.
  • Mobile Launch: The V-2 was designed to be launched from a mobile platform called the Meillerwagen. This allowed German batteries to set up, fire, and disappear before Allied planes could find them.
  • Strategic Failure, Scientific Triumph: While the V-2 was a logistical nightmare for Germany—costing more to produce than the Manhattan Project and killing more people in its forced-labor production than in its actual strikes—it remains the « ancestor » of every modern space launch vehicle.

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