Tank T-80 | |
|---|---|
| Land | URSS |
| Typ | Hauptkampfpanzer |
| Im Dienst | 1976–heute |
| Gebaut | 5500+ |
das T-80 ist ein Hauptkampfpanzer (MBT), der in der Sowjetunion entwickelt und hergestellt wird. Als es 1976 in Dienst stellte, war es das zweite MBT der Welt, das nach der schwedischen Strv 103 mit einem Gasturbinenmotor ausgestattet wurde und der erste, der ihn als Primärantriebsmotor einstellte. Der T-80U wurde zuletzt in einer Fabrik in Omsk, Russland, produziert, während der T-80UD und der weiterentwickelte T-84 weiterhin in der Ukraine produziert werden. Der T-80 und seine Varianten sind in Belarus, Zypern, Ägypten, Kasachstan, Pakistan, Russland, Südkorea und der Ukraine im Einsatz. Der Chefdesigner der T-80 war der sowjetische Ingenieur Nikolai Popow.
Quelle: T-80 auf Wikipedia
| T-80B Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Unbekannter |
| Lokalisierung | Unbekannter |
| Fotos | 180 |
| T-80B Zufuß | |
|---|---|
| Fotografen | A.Pulin |
| Lage | Unbekannter |
| Fotos | 40 |
| T-80B Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Wladimir Nikolajewitsch Jakubow |
| Lokalisierung | Museum "Stalin Line", Zaslavl |
| Fotos | 43 |
| T-80U Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Юрий Пашолок |
| Lokalisierung | Unbekannter |
| Fotos | 340 |
Siehe auch:
The T-80 is a formidable **third-generation Main Battle Tank** of Soviet origin, first entering service in 1976. It holds the distinction of being the **world’s first production tank to be powered primarily by a gas turbine engine**, a feature that grants it exceptional acceleration and high top speed, especially in comparison to its contemporaries. The T-80 was developed from the T-64 and was intended to be a highly mobile, premium tank, contrasting with the mechanically simpler, mass-produced T-72.
Propulsion: The Gas Turbine
The T-80’s defining characteristic is its power source, the **GTD-1000T** series gas turbine engine, later upgraded to the more powerful **GTD-1250** in the T-80U variant. This engine technology provides several advantages but also carries drawbacks:
- High Mobility: The high power-to-weight ratio allows for rapid acceleration and a top road speed of up to 70 km/h.
- Engine Noise: The turbine runs significantly quieter than a diesel engine at speed, but it has a very high-pitched, distinctive whine.
- Drawbacks: The gas turbine is known for **extremely high fuel consumption**, particularly at idle, and is mechanically more complex and costly to maintain than traditional diesel engines.
Firepower and Autoloader
The tank’s offensive capability is centered around its large-caliber gun and missile system, operated by a small, three-person crew (Commander, Gunner, Driver) thanks to its mechanical loader.
- Main Gun: A smoothbore 125 mm 2A46 series cannon, capable of firing a wide range of ammunition, including APFSDS (armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot) and HEAT (high-explosive anti-tank) rounds.
- Gun-Launched Missile System: The main gun can fire **Anti-Tank Guided Missiles (ATGMs)**, such as the **9M119 Refleks** (NATO designation AT-11 Sniper), which significantly extends the tank’s effective range against armored targets.
- Automatic Loader: das autoloader system stores ammunition in a rotating carousel beneath the turret, allowing for a high rate of fire without a dedicated loader.
- Secondary Armament: Typically includes a 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun and a 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun.
Armor and Protection
Protection levels have been continually enhanced, moving from standard composite armor to advanced Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA) packages.
- Composite Armor: The hull and turret feature **laminate composite armor** for protection against various anti-tank threats.
- Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA): Modern variants, notably the **T-80U** and later models, are covered with **Kontakt-5 ERA**. This second-generation ERA is highly integrated and designed to defeat both chemical energy and kinetic energy penetrators. The latest **T-80BVM** variant utilizes the even newer **Relikt ERA**.
- NBC Protection: Standard equipment includes an **overpressure NBC (Nuclear, Biological, Chemical) protection system** for crew survival in contaminated environments.
Key Variants
- T-80B: Introduced improved composite armor and the ability to fire the Kobra ATGM.
- T-80U: A major modernization with the 1,250 hp GTD-1250 engine, new turret, advanced fire control, and Kontakt-5 ERA.
- T-80UD: A Ukrainian variant that replaced the gas turbine with a **diesel engine** (the 6TD two-stroke diesel), addressing the turbine’s logistical issues.
- T-80BVM: The latest Russian upgrade package for existing T-80BVs, incorporating the **Relikt ERA** and a modernized fire control system.
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