Танк Т-80 | |
|---|---|
| Країні | URSS (2010) |
| Тип | Головний бойовий танк |
| На службі | 1976–теперішній час |
| Побудований | 5500+ |
У 201 Т-80 є основним бойовим танком (МБТ), розробленим і виготовленим в Радянському Союзі. Коли він був введений в службу в 1976 році, він був другим MBT в світі, який був оснащений газотурбінний двигун після шведського Strv 103 і першим, хто використовувати його в якості основного двигуна. Т-80У востаннє випускався на заводі в Омську, Росія, в той час як Т-80УД і Т-84 продовжують вироблятися в Україні. Т-80 і його варіанти знаходяться на службі в Білорусі, На Кіпрі, Єгипті, Казахстані, Пакистані, Росії, Південній Кореї та Україні. Головним конструктором Т-80 був радянський інженер Микола Попов.
Джерело: T-80 у Вікіпедії
| T-80B Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Фотограф | Незнай |
| Локалізацією | Незнай |
| Фото | 180 |
| T-80B Прогулянка навколо | |
|---|---|
| Фотографів | А.Пулін, А.Тихонов |
| Розташування | Незнай |
| Фото | 40 |
| T-80B Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Фотограф | Володимир Якубов |
| Локалізацією | Музей "Лінія Сталіна", Заславль |
| Фото | 43 |
| T-80U Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Фотограф | Юрий Пашолок |
| Локалізацією | Незнай |
| Фото | 340 |
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The T-80 is a formidable **third-generation Main Battle Tank** of Soviet origin, first entering service in 1976. It holds the distinction of being the **world’s first production tank to be powered primarily by a gas turbine engine**, a feature that grants it exceptional acceleration and high top speed, especially in comparison to its contemporaries. The T-80 was developed from the T-64 and was intended to be a highly mobile, premium tank, contrasting with the mechanically simpler, mass-produced T-72.
Propulsion: The Gas Turbine
The T-80’s defining characteristic is its power source, the **GTD-1000T** series gas turbine engine, later upgraded to the more powerful **GTD-1250** in the T-80U variant. This engine technology provides several advantages but also carries drawbacks:
- High Mobility: The high power-to-weight ratio allows for rapid acceleration and a top road speed of up to 70 km/h.
- Engine Noise: The turbine runs significantly quieter than a diesel engine at speed, but it has a very high-pitched, distinctive whine.
- Drawbacks: The gas turbine is known for **extremely high fuel consumption**, particularly at idle, and is mechanically more complex and costly to maintain than traditional diesel engines.
Firepower and Autoloader
The tank’s offensive capability is centered around its large-caliber gun and missile system, operated by a small, three-person crew (Commander, Gunner, Driver) thanks to its mechanical loader.
- Main Gun: A smoothbore 125 mm 2A46 series cannon, capable of firing a wide range of ammunition, including APFSDS (armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot) and HEAT (high-explosive anti-tank) rounds.
- Gun-Launched Missile System: The main gun can fire **Anti-Tank Guided Missiles (ATGMs)**, such as the **9M119 Refleks** (NATO designation AT-11 Sniper), which significantly extends the tank’s effective range against armored targets.
- Automatic Loader: У 201 autoloader system stores ammunition in a rotating carousel beneath the turret, allowing for a high rate of fire without a dedicated loader.
- Secondary Armament: Typically includes a 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun and a 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun.
Armor and Protection
Protection levels have been continually enhanced, moving from standard composite armor to advanced Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA) packages.
- Composite Armor: The hull and turret feature **laminate composite armor** for protection against various anti-tank threats.
- Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA): Modern variants, notably the **T-80U** and later models, are covered with **Kontakt-5 ERA**. This second-generation ERA is highly integrated and designed to defeat both chemical energy and kinetic energy penetrators. The latest **T-80BVM** variant utilizes the even newer **Relikt ERA**.
- NBC Protection: Standard equipment includes an **overpressure NBC (Nuclear, Biological, Chemical) protection system** for crew survival in contaminated environments.
Key Variants
- T-80B: Introduced improved composite armor and the ability to fire the Kobra ATGM.
- T-80U: A major modernization with the 1,250 hp GTD-1250 engine, new turret, advanced fire control, and Kontakt-5 ERA.
- T-80UD: A Ukrainian variant that replaced the gas turbine with a **diesel engine** (the 6TD two-stroke diesel), addressing the turbine’s logistical issues.
- T-80BVM: The latest Russian upgrade package for existing T-80BVs, incorporating the **Relikt ERA** and a modernized fire control system.
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