37 мм оръдие против самолети | |
|---|---|
| Страна | Съветски съюз |
| Тип | Пистолет за въздушна защита |
| Период | 1939-1945 |
| Построен | 20.000 |
37 мм автоматично оръдие за противовъздушна отбрана М1939 (61-К) (на руски: 37-мм автоматическая зенитная пушка образца 1939 года (61-К)) е съветско зенитно оръдие калибър 37 мм, разработено в края на 30-те години на миналия век и използвано по време на Втората световна война. Наземната версия е заменена на съветска служба от ЗСУ-57-2 през 50-те години на миналия век. Оръдия от този тип се използват успешно по целия Източен фронт срещу пикиращи бомбардировачи и други цели на ниска и средна височина. Той също така имаше известна полезност срещу леко бронирани наземни цели. Екипажите на 37-милиметровите оръдия свалят 14 657 самолета на Оста. Средното количество от 37 мм боеприпаси за свалянето на един вражески самолет е 905 патрона.
Източник: 37mm M1939 на Wiki
| 37 мм зенитно оръдие Разходка наоколо | |
|---|---|
| Фотограф | Верволф |
| Локализация | Не знам |
| Снимки | 16 |
Вижте също:
The Bofors of the East
1. 37mm Automatic Air Defense Gun M1939 (61-K) was the Soviet Union’s most prolific and successful light anti-aircraft weapon of World War II. Developed in the late 1930s under the leadership of Mikhail Loginov, it was heavily influenced by the Swedish Bofors 40mm design but adapted for Soviet manufacturing and the 37mm caliber. It filled the critical gap between heavy machine guns and large-caliber 85mm cannons, specializing in downing dive bombers and ground-attack aircraft. By the end of the war, 61-K crews were credited with destroying nearly 15,000 Axis aircraft.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (61-K) |
|---|---|
| Тип | Automatic Anti-Aircraft Gun |
| Екипажа | 8 men |
| Production Years | 1939 – 1945 (USSR) |
| Ammunition | 37 × 252 mmSR (Clip-fed, 5 rounds) |
| Rate of Fire | 160–170 rpm (Cyclic) / 80 rpm (Practical) |
| Muzzle Velocity | 880 m/s (2,887 ft/s) |
| Effective Ceiling | 4,000 m (13,123 ft) |
| Horizontal Range | 8,500 m (Maximum ballistic range) |
Engineering: Ruggedness and Versatility
- The ZU-7 Carriage: The gun sat on a four-wheeled towed carriage with outriggers that could be deployed in under 30 seconds. This allowed the 61-K to be rapidly moved to protect advancing tank columns or critical river crossings.
- Short-Recoil Operation: The weapon used a short-recoil automatic system with a vertical sliding breech block. This design was famously reliable even in the extreme cold and mud of the Eastern Front.
- Dual-Purpose Capability: While primarily an AA gun, the 61-K was frequently used against ground targets. Its Armor-Piercing (AP) rounds could penetrate 37mm of armor at 500 meters, making it a nightmare for German light tanks and half-tracks.
- 5-Round Clips: Ammunition was fed into a hopper using 5-round clips. This allowed for a continuous “stream” of fire as long as the loaders could keep up, creating a literal wall of lead in the path of incoming Junkers or Stukas.
A Legacy Across Continents
- The “70-K” Naval Variant: A single-barrel naval version was developed for Soviet warships, eventually replacing older semi-automatic guns. It became the primary short-range defense for the Soviet Navy during the war.
- ZSU-37 Self-Propelled Gun: Toward the end of the war, the 61-K was mounted on an open-topped SU-76 chassis, creating the ZSU-37—the Soviet Union’s first dedicated tracked anti-aircraft vehicle.
- The “Type 55” and Global Reach: After WWII, the design was exported and licensed widely. China produced it as the Type 55 (single) and Type 65 (twin). It has seen action in nearly every major conflict of the 20th century, from the Korean War to the Vietnam War and beyond.
- Dien Bien Phu: During the 1954 battle, Viet Minh 37mm crews famously neutralized the French airstrip, preventing resupply and sealing the fate of the garrison—demonstrating how effective towed AA could be when hidden in jungle terrain.
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