SdKfz 135 Marder I | |
|---|---|
| Zemlja | Nacistička Nemačka |
| Ulogu | Razarač tenka |
| U usluzi | 1942–1944 |
| Izgradio | 170 |
Čaj Marder I "Marten" (Sd.Kfz. 135) bio je nemački razarač tenkova iz Drugog svetskog rata, naoružan protivtenkovskim pištoljem snage 75 mm. Većina Marder Is izgrađena je u bazi Tracteur Blindé 37L (Lorraine), francuskog artiljerijskog traktora/oklopnog transportera od kojeg su Nemci nabavili više od tri stotine posle pada Francuske 1940.
| SdKfz 135 Marder I Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Vladimir Jakubov |
| Lokalizacija | Musee des Blindes, Saumur |
| Fotografije | 80 |
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An Emergency Solution to the Soviet Armor Crisis
Čaj Marder I (Martin) was born out of the German Wehrmacht’s urgent need for mobile anti-tank firepower following the shock of encountering the Soviet T-34 and KV-1 tanks. Rather than waiting for new designs, German engineers, led by Major Alfred Becker, repurposed hundreds of captured French Lorraine 37L artillery tractors. By mounting the powerful 7.5 cm PaK 40 gun on these reliable French chassis, Germany created a highly effective “stopgap” tank destroyer that served from the Eastern Front to the beaches of Normandy.
| Attribute | Standard Specification (Sd.Kfz. 135 Marder I) |
|---|---|
| Ulogu | Self-Propelled Tank Destroyer (Panzerjäger) |
| Primary Chassis | Tracteur Blindé 37L (Lorraine) |
| Posada | 4 or 5 (Commander, Driver, Gunner, 1-2 Loaders) |
| Glavno naoružanje | 7.5 cm PaK 40/1 L/46 |
| Sekundarno naoružanje | 7.92 mm MG 34 (often hand-held/stowed) |
| Ammunition | approx. 38–40 rounds |
| Motor | Delahaye 103TT 6-cylinder petrol (70 hp) |
| Max Speed | 38 km/h (24 mph) on road |
| Weight (Combat) | 8.2 metric tons |
The “Baukommando Becker” Conversions
- The “Flying Truck” Chassis: The Lorraine 37L was originally an un-armed supply vehicle. Its engine was located in the center, which allowed for a rear-mounted fighting compartment—ideal for stabilizing the heavy 7.5 cm gun.
- Open-Topped Fighting Compartment: To save weight and allow for rapid smoke clearance during firing, the crew compartment was protected only by thin (5–12 mm) steel plating on the front and sides. It was completely open to the rear and top.
- Strategic Reuse: Beyond the Lorraine, small numbers of Marder I’s were also built on other French chassis, including the Hotchkiss H39 i FM 36. Each had a slightly different silhouette but shared the same lethal PaK 40 gun.
Service and Combat Effectiveness
- The Eastern Front: The first 170 units were rushed to Russia in late 1942. Despite their improvised nature, they were highly successful at long-range ambushes, though their high silhouette made them easy targets if spotted.
- The 21st Panzer Division: After the original batch was largely depleted, many survivors and later conversions were used by the reformed 21st Panzer Division in France. These vehicles were a major component of the German defense against Allied landings on D-Day.
- Limitations: The Marder I was not a tank and could not survive a direct hit from even light anti-tank weapons. It was strictly a “shoot and scoot” weapon that relied on its mobility and the 7.5 cm gun’s range.
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