Renault FT 17

Renault FT 17
Šalies	Prancūzija
Tipas	Šviesos bakas
Gamyba	3694 (1917-1918)

2007 Renault FT (po Pirmojo pasaulinio karo literatūroje dažnai vadinamas FT-17, FT17 ar pan.) buvo prancūzų lengvasis tankas, kuris buvo vienas revoliucingiausių ir įtakingiausių tankų dizainų istorijoje. FT buvo pirmasis gamybos tankas, kurio ginkluotė buvo visiškai besisukančiame bokštelyje. "Renault FT" konfigūracija – ekipažo skyrius priekyje, variklio skyrius gale ir pagrindinė ginkluotė besisukančiame bokštelyje – tapo ir išlieka standartiniu bako išdėstymu. Todėl kai kurie šarvuotojo karo istorikai "Renault FT" yra pavadinę pirmuoju pasaulyje moderniu tanku.

Šaltinis: Renault FT 17 Vikipedijoje

Renault FT 17
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The Revolutionary Compact

2007 Renault FT (often called the FT-17) was arguably the most influential tank ever built. While earlier tanks were lumbering “landships” or “boxes on tracks,” the FT established the definitive configuration: engine at the back, driver at the front, and armament in a fully rotating turret on top. Small, cheap to produce, and manned by just two men, it introduced “swarm” tactics to the battlefield, overwhelming German lines through numbers and mobility rather than raw size.

Attribute	Technical Specification (Renault FT)
Vaidmenį	Light Infantry Support Tank
Įgulos	2 (Commander/Gunner, Driver)
Variklis	Renault 4-cylinder petrol (35–39 hp)
Maximum Speed	7.7 km/h (4.8 mph) — Brisk walking pace
Main Armament	37mm Puteaux SA 18 gun (Male) OR 8mm Hotchkiss MG (Female)
Šarvas	8 mm to 22 mm
Svoris	~6.5 tonnes
Unique Feature	Removable “Tail” for trench crossing

Design Engineering: The Standardized Layout

The Fully Rotating Turret: Before the FT, tanks had guns mounted in “sponsons” on the sides or fixed in the front hull. The FT’s turret allowed it to engage targets 360 degrees without turning the whole vehicle, a breakthrough that remains the global standard for tank design today.
The Tail Skid: To solve the problem of a short-wheelbase tank falling into deep trenches, Renault engineers added a curved metal “tail” at the rear. This acted as a stabilizer, letting the tank slide across gaps it otherwise couldn’t bridge.
Automotive Heritage: Unlike the specialized heavy tanks of the era, the FT used many components derived from the French automobile industry, making it significantly easier to mass-produce across multiple factories (Renault, Berliet, Schneider, etc.).
Driver-Commander Communication: Because it was so noisy inside, the commander (standing or sitting on a leather strap in the turret) often “steered” the driver by kicking his shoulders or back—one kick for left, one for right, or a kick to the head for “stop.”

Global Legacy and Long Service

WWI “Swarm” Tactics: First used in May 1918 at the Forest of Retz, the FT proved that dozens of small tanks were harder for artillery to hit than a single massive one. By the Armistice, over 3,000 had been built.
The American Connection: The US produced its own licensed version, the M1917 6-ton Tank. Though they didn’t reach the front in time for WWI, they formed the backbone of the infant US Tank Corps under figures like George S. Patton.
Interwar Proliferation: The FT was exported to over 20 countries. It fought in the Russian Civil War, the Polish-Soviet War, and even the Spanish Civil War. It became the “founding tank” for many nations’ armored forces, including Japan and the USSR.
Still Fighting in 1940: Amazingly, the French Army still had over 500 FTs in front-line service when Germany invaded in WWII. While totally obsolete against Panzers, they were used for airfield defense and internal security. The Germans even captured many and used them as Užfiksuoti tankai (captured tanks) for policing occupied Europe.