Lockheed P-3 Orion

Lockheed P-3 Orion
Країні	Сша
Роль	Морські патрульні літаки
Перший політ	Листопад 1959 р.
Побудований	650

У 201 Локхід П-3 Оріон — чотиримоторний турбогвинтовий протичовновий і морський спостережний літак, розроблений для ВМС США і представлений в 1960-х роках. Компанія Lockheed базувала його на комерційному лайнері L-188 Electra. Літак легко відрізнити від Electra по характерному хвостовому жалу або «MAD Boom», використовуваному для магнітного виявлення підводних човнів.

Джерело: Локхід П-3 Оріон у Вікіпедії

Lockheed P-3C Orion Walk Around
Фотографів	Бас Дамен, Джордж Давелаар
Локалізацією	Незнай
Фото	86

Lockheed P-3C Orion 01

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Lockheed P-3C Orion 09

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Lockheed P-3A Orion
Фотограф	Володимир Якубов
Локалізацією	Незнай
Фото	141

Локхід П-3А Оріон

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Lockheed WP-3D Orion Walk Around
Фотографів	Еверетт Мак'юен, Девід Ліндсі
Локалізацією	Незнай
Фото	36

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The Electra’s Deadly Cousin

У 201 Локхід P-3C Orion is a four-engine turboprop maritime patrol aircraft that has served the U.S. Navy and dozens of international allies since the 1960s. Based on the L-188 Electra airliner, the P-3 was heavily modified to carry an incredible suite of sub-surface detection equipment. The “C” model, introduced in 1969, featured the Univac ASQ-114 digital computer, which revolutionized anti-submarine warfare (ASW) by allowing the crew to process and integrate data from various sensors in real-time.

Attribute	Technical Specification (P-3C)
Роль	Maritime Patrol / Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW)
команда	11 (3 Pilots, 2 Naval Flight Officers, 2 Flight Engineers, 3 Sensor Ops, 1 Technician)
First Flight	November 25, 1959 (YP3V-1)
Силова установка	4 × Allison T56-A-14 turboprops
Horsepower	4,600 shp (3,430 kW) per engine
Максимальна швидкість	411 knots (473 mph / 761 km/h)
Combat Range	1,345 nmi (plus 3 hours on station)
Endurance	10–13 hours (typical)

The Tools of the Hunter

MAD Boom: The most recognizable feature is the “stinger” tail, housing the Magnetic Anomaly Detector. It senses minute changes in the Earth’s magnetic field caused by the metal hull of a submerged submarine.
Sonobuoy Chutes: Located in the underbelly are dozens of launch tubes for sonobuoys—disposable acoustic sensors dropped into the ocean to “listen” for propeller noises or pinging hulls.
Internal Weapons Bay: Forward of the wing, the Orion features an unpressurized weapons bay capable of carrying Mk 46 or Mk 54 torpedoes, depth charges, or special nuclear mines.
The “Three-Engine” Loiter: To save fuel and extend time on station, P-3 crews often shut down one of the outboard engines (usually Engine #1) once they reached their search area, taking advantage of the T56 engine’s efficiency.

A Half-Century of Global Vigilance

Cuban Missile Crisis: Early P-3s played a vital role in the blockade of Cuba, tracking Soviet freighters and submarines in the Atlantic.
EP-3 Aries II: A specialized “Electronic Intelligence” (ELINT) version of the Orion is used to intercept communications and radar signals. It became world-famous in 2001 during the “Hainan Island Incident” involving a collision with a Chinese fighter.
The “Hurricane Hunters”: NOAA operates two highly modified P-3s (nicknamed Kermit І Miss Piggy) that fly directly into the eyes of hurricanes to collect meteorological data.
Replacement: After 50 years of service, the P-3C is being replaced in U.S. Navy service by the Boeing P-8 Poseidon, though it remains a front-line asset for countries like Japan, Germany, and Australia.