220 мм TR mle 1915/1916

220 мм TR mle 1915/1916
Країні	Франція
Тип	Гаубиця
На службі	1916-1945
Виробник	Schneider et Cie

Модель Mortier de 220 мм Tir Rapide modèle 1915/1916 Schneider або 220 мм TR mle 1915/1916 — французька гаубиця, розроблена та виготовлена під час Першої світової війни. Деякі з них все ще перебували на озброєнні під час Другої світової війни і служили на бельгійській, французькій та німецькій службі.

Джерело: 220 мм TR mle 1915/1916 у Вікіпедії

Mortar 220 mm Mle 1916 Schneider Walk Around
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Фото	44

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General Characteristics (World War I Era)

The Mortier de 220 mm Mle 1916 TR (Tir Rapide – Quick Firing) Schneider was a heavy French mortar/howitzer designed during World War I to provide the trench warfare power needed to destroy strong enemy fortifications. It was an improved version of the earlier Mle 1915, notably featuring stronger wheels with rubber tires for slightly better, though still limited, mobility.

Property	Value (Mle 1916 Variant)
Роль	Heavy Siege/Field Mortar (High-Angle Fire)
Designer/Manufacturer	Schneider et Cie
Entered Service	1916 (Mle 1915/1916)
Calibre	220 mm (8.66 in)
Barrel Length	L/10.6 (approx. 2.33 m)
Weight (Firing Position)	~7,800 kg (~17,200 lb)
Везти	Designed to break down into 2 loads for towing

Design and Mechanism

Recoil System: Utilized a hydro-pneumatic recoil system in a cradle (sled) that slid back along rails on the carriage.
High-Angle Fire: Capable of high elevation (up to +65 degrees), which was critical for dropping heavy shells onto entrenched positions and fortifications.
Loading: The gun had to be lowered to a low elevation for loading. To assist the crew with the heavy 100 kg shells, folding rails were often used to slide the projectile into the breech.
Breech: Used an interrupted screw breech block with a de Bange obturator seal to allow the use of separate loading bagged propellant charges.
Emplacement Time: Required significant site preparation, including digging a pit under the breech for high-angle fire and a minimum of 2 hours to get the gun into battery.

Performance and Usage

Projectile Weight: 100.5 kg (221 lb) HE shell.
Muzzle Velocity: Up to 415 m/s (1,360 ft/s) depending on the propellant charge.
Maximum Range: Approximately 10,800 m (10.8 km, 6.7 miles).
Rate of Fire: Relatively slow, around 2 rounds per minute (6 rounds per 5 minutes).
Mobility Issue: Despite the “TR” (Quick Firing) designation, the gun’s heavy weight and limitations on its carriage meant its towing speed was very slow, a major deficiency once the Western Front became mobile near the end of WWI.
Later Service: Many of these mortars were still in French service at the start of World War II, and a large number were captured by Germany and pressed into service as the 22 cm Mörser 531(f).