37mm proti lietadlová pištoľ | |
|---|---|
| Krajiny | Sovietsky zväz |
| Typ | Zbraň protivzdušnej obrany |
| Obdobie | 1939-1945 |
| Postavený | 20.000 |
37 mm automatické kanóny protivzdušnej obrany M1939 (61-K) (rusky: 37-мм автоматическая зенитная пушка образца 1939 года (61-К)) bolo sovietske protilietadlové delo kalibru 37 mm vyvinuté koncom 30. rokov 20. storočia a používané počas druhej svetovej vojny. Pozemná verzia bola v sovietskych službách nahradená ZSU-57-2 v 50. rokoch. Delá tohto typu sa úspešne používali na celom východnom fronte proti strmhlavým bombardérom a iným cieľom v malých a stredných výškach. Mal tiež určitú užitočnosť proti ľahko obrneným pozemným cieľom. Posádky 37 mm AD kanónov zostrelili 14 657 lietadiel Osi. Priemerné množstvo 37 mm munície na zostrelenie jedného nepriateľského lietadla bolo 905 nábojov.
Zdrojový: 37 mm M1939 na Wiki
| 37 mm protilietadlové delo Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Verwolf |
| Lokalizácia | Neznáme |
| Fotografie | 16 |
Pozri tiež:
The Bofors of the East
Komisia 37mm Automatic Air Defense Gun M1939 (61-K) was the Soviet Union’s most prolific and successful light anti-aircraft weapon of World War II. Developed in the late 1930s under the leadership of Mikhail Loginov, it was heavily influenced by the Swedish Bofors 40mm design but adapted for Soviet manufacturing and the 37mm caliber. It filled the critical gap between heavy machine guns and large-caliber 85mm cannons, specializing in downing dive bombers and ground-attack aircraft. By the end of the war, 61-K crews were credited with destroying nearly 15,000 Axis aircraft.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (61-K) |
|---|---|
| Typ | Automatic Anti-Aircraft Gun |
| Posádky | 8 men |
| Production Years | 1939 – 1945 (USSR) |
| Ammunition | 37 × 252 mmSR (Clip-fed, 5 rounds) |
| Rate of Fire | 160–170 rpm (Cyclic) / 80 rpm (Practical) |
| Muzzle Velocity | 880 m/s (2,887 ft/s) |
| Effective Ceiling | 4,000 m (13,123 ft) |
| Horizontal Range | 8,500 m (Maximum ballistic range) |
Engineering: Ruggedness and Versatility
- The ZU-7 Carriage: The gun sat on a four-wheeled towed carriage with outriggers that could be deployed in under 30 seconds. This allowed the 61-K to be rapidly moved to protect advancing tank columns or critical river crossings.
- Short-Recoil Operation: The weapon used a short-recoil automatic system with a vertical sliding breech block. This design was famously reliable even in the extreme cold and mud of the Eastern Front.
- Dual-Purpose Capability: While primarily an AA gun, the 61-K was frequently used against ground targets. Its Armor-Piercing (AP) rounds could penetrate 37mm of armor at 500 meters, making it a nightmare for German light tanks and half-tracks.
- 5-Round Clips: Ammunition was fed into a hopper using 5-round clips. This allowed for a continuous “stream” of fire as long as the loaders could keep up, creating a literal wall of lead in the path of incoming Junkers or Stukas.
A Legacy Across Continents
- The “70-K” Naval Variant: A single-barrel naval version was developed for Soviet warships, eventually replacing older semi-automatic guns. It became the primary short-range defense for the Soviet Navy during the war.
- ZSU-37 Self-Propelled Gun: Toward the end of the war, the 61-K was mounted on an open-topped SU-76 chassis, creating the ZSU-37—the Soviet Union’s first dedicated tracked anti-aircraft vehicle.
- The “Type 55” and Global Reach: After WWII, the design was exported and licensed widely. China produced it as the Type 55 (single) and Type 65 (twin). It has seen action in nearly every major conflict of the 20th century, from the Korean War to the Vietnam War and beyond.
- Dien Bien Phu: During the 1954 battle, Viet Minh 37mm crews famously neutralized the French airstrip, preventing resupply and sealing the fate of the garrison—demonstrating how effective towed AA could be when hidden in jungle terrain.
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