37-мм зенитный пистолет | |
|---|---|
| Страны | Советский Союз |
| Тип | Пушка ПВО |
| Период | 1939-1945 |
| Построен | 20.000 |
37-мм автоматическая пушка ПВО М1939 (61-К) (российская: 37-я зенитная пушка 1939 года) - советская зенитная пушка калибра 37 мм, разработанная в конце 1930-х годов и используемая во время Второй мировой войны. В 1950-х годах наземный вариант был заменен на советскую службу на ЗГУ-57-2. Орудия этого типа успешно применялись на всем Восточном фронте против дайв-бомбардировщиков и других мало- и средне высотных целей. Он также имел некоторую полезность против легко бронированных наземных целей. Экипажи 37-мм орудий нашей эры сбили 14 657 самолетов Axis. Среднее количество боеприпасов калибра 37 мм для сбития одного вражеского самолета составило 905 патронов.
Источник: 37mm M1939 на Вики
| 37-мм зенитный пистолет Прогулка вокруг | |
|---|---|
| Фотограф | Вервольф |
| Локализации | Неизвестная |
| Фотографии | 16 |
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The Bofors of the East
Teh 37mm Automatic Air Defense Gun M1939 (61-K) was the Soviet Union’s most prolific and successful light anti-aircraft weapon of World War II. Developed in the late 1930s under the leadership of Mikhail Loginov, it was heavily influenced by the Swedish Bofors 40mm design but adapted for Soviet manufacturing and the 37mm caliber. It filled the critical gap between heavy machine guns and large-caliber 85mm cannons, specializing in downing dive bombers and ground-attack aircraft. By the end of the war, 61-K crews were credited with destroying nearly 15,000 Axis aircraft.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (61-K) |
|---|---|
| Тип | Automatic Anti-Aircraft Gun |
| Экипажа | 8 men |
| Production Years | 1939 – 1945 (USSR) |
| Ammunition | 37 × 252 mmSR (Clip-fed, 5 rounds) |
| Rate of Fire | 160–170 rpm (Cyclic) / 80 rpm (Practical) |
| Muzzle Velocity | 880 m/s (2,887 ft/s) |
| Effective Ceiling | 4,000 m (13,123 ft) |
| Horizontal Range | 8,500 m (Maximum ballistic range) |
Engineering: Ruggedness and Versatility
- The ZU-7 Carriage: The gun sat on a four-wheeled towed carriage with outriggers that could be deployed in under 30 seconds. This allowed the 61-K to be rapidly moved to protect advancing tank columns or critical river crossings.
- Short-Recoil Operation: The weapon used a short-recoil automatic system with a vertical sliding breech block. This design was famously reliable even in the extreme cold and mud of the Eastern Front.
- Dual-Purpose Capability: While primarily an AA gun, the 61-K was frequently used against ground targets. Its Armor-Piercing (AP) rounds could penetrate 37mm of armor at 500 meters, making it a nightmare for German light tanks and half-tracks.
- 5-Round Clips: Ammunition was fed into a hopper using 5-round clips. This allowed for a continuous “stream” of fire as long as the loaders could keep up, creating a literal wall of lead in the path of incoming Junkers or Stukas.
A Legacy Across Continents
- The “70-K” Naval Variant: A single-barrel naval version was developed for Soviet warships, eventually replacing older semi-automatic guns. It became the primary short-range defense for the Soviet Navy during the war.
- ZSU-37 Self-Propelled Gun: Toward the end of the war, the 61-K was mounted on an open-topped SU-76 chassis, creating the ZSU-37—the Soviet Union’s first dedicated tracked anti-aircraft vehicle.
- The “Type 55” and Global Reach: After WWII, the design was exported and licensed widely. China produced it as the Type 55 (single) and Type 65 (twin). It has seen action in nearly every major conflict of the 20th century, from the Korean War to the Vietnam War and beyond.
- Dien Bien Phu: During the 1954 battle, Viet Minh 37mm crews famously neutralized the French airstrip, preventing resupply and sealing the fate of the garrison—demonstrating how effective towed AA could be when hidden in jungle terrain.
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