2S4 Tyulpan

2S4 Tyulpan
Land	Sovjet-Unie
Role	Zelfrijdende mortel
Geproduceerd	1969–1988
Gebouwd	588

De 2S4 Tyulpan (vaak gespeld als Tulpan, Russisch: 2С4 «Тюльпан»; Engels: tulp) is een Sovjet 240 mm zelfrijdende zware mortier. "2S4" is de GRAU-aanduiding. De Tyulpan is het grootste mortelsysteem dat tegenwoordig in gebruik is.

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2S4 Tyulpan Walk Around
Fotograaf	Vladimir Yakubov
Lokalisatie	Onbewust
Foto 's	90

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General Characteristics

The 2S4 Tyulpan (Russian for “Tulip”) is a Soviet-era 240 mm self-propelled heavy mortar. It is the largest caliber mortar system currently in active use worldwide. Developed in the early 1970s, the 2S4 was designed to destroy hardened defensive positions, fortified strongpoints, command centers, and targets on the reverse slopes of hills—objectives that are difficult for conventional, low-angle artillery to strike. The massive 240 mm mortar is externally mounted at the rear of the hull and is hydraulically lowered onto a baseplate on the ground for firing. This system is known for its ability to fire conventional high-explosive, laser-guided, and historically, tactical nuclear munitions.

Property	Typical Value (2S4 Tyulpan)
Role	Self-Propelled Heavy Mortar / Siege Artillery
National Origin	Soviet Union (USSR)
Fabrikant	Uraltransmash
Service Entry	1975
No. Built	~450 to 588
Bemanning	4 (on vehicle) + 5 (support crew on separate vehicle)
Combat Weight	27.5 tonnes (60,600 lb)
Length (Travel)	7.94 m (26 ft 1 in)
Breedte	3.25 m (10 ft 8 in)
Height (Travel)	3.22 m (10 ft 7 in)

Armament and Firepower

Main Armament: 1 x 240 mm 2B8 smoothbore breech-loading mortar.
- Elevation/Traverse: +50° to +80° elevation; 10° powered traverse (left and right).
- Rate of Fire: Very slow, approximately 1 round per minute (due to projectile size).
Ammunition Capacity: 40 standard high-explosive (HE) rounds or 20 long-range rocket-assisted projectiles (RAP), stored in two automated drum magazines.
Ammunition Types & Range:
- Standard HE (130 kg): Max range of 9,650 m (6 mi).
- Rocket-Assisted Projectile (228 kg): Max range of 18,000 m (11.2 mi).
- Guided Munitions: Smel’chak (Daredevil) laser-guided shell (134.2 kg) for high precision against point targets.
- Special Munitions: Historically, tactical nuclear and chemical rounds, as well as concrete-piercing and incendiary rounds.
Secondary Armament: 1 x 7.62 mm PKT machine gun (roof-mounted).

Mobility and Deployment

Engine: V-59 V12 diesel engine.
Power Output: 382 kW (520 hp).
Maximum Speed (Road): 60 km/h (37 mph).
Operational Range: 500 km (310 mi).
Chassis: Modified tracked chassis, shared with the 2S3 Akatsiya self-propelled howitzer.
Protection: Thin steel armor (max 20 mm) provides protection against small arms fire and shell splinters; the crew operating the main armament is exposed. Includes NBC (Nuclear, Biological, Chemical) protection.
Combat History: Saw service in the Soviet-Afghan War, Chechen Wars, and the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and Syria, where its enormous shell power has been critical in sieges against heavily fortified positions.

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