T-90 - Char de combat principal russe

Réservoir T-90
Pays	URSS (URSS)
Type	Char de combat principal
En service	À partir de 1992 (T-90), à partir de 2004 (T-90A)
Construit	8830+

Lla T-90 (T-90) est un char de combat principal russe de troisième génération entré en service en 1993. Le réservoir est une variante moderne du T-72B et intègre de nombreuses caractéristiques trouvées sur le T-80U. Initialement appelé T-72BU, mais plus tard rebaptisé T-90, il est un char avancé en service avec les forces terrestres russes et l’infanterie navale. Le T-90 utilise un canon principal lisse de 125 mm 2A46, le système de commande d’incendie 1A45T, un moteur amélioré et un canonnier’s vue thermique. Les mesures de protection standard comprennent un mélange d’armures en acier et composites, de déchargeurs de grenades fumigènes, d’armures explosives réactives Kontakt-5 et du système de brouillage infrarouge ATGM Shtora. Il a été conçu et construit par Uralvagonzavod, à Nijni Tagil, en Russie.

Source: T-90 sur Wikipedia

T-90 Walk Around
Photographe	Yuri Pasholok
Localisation	Inconnu
Photos	261

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General Characteristics

The T-90 is a third-generation Russian Main Battle Tank, developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s from the T-72 platform. Originally named the T-72BU, it was essentially a fusion of the durable T-72 hull with the advanced fire control system and sophisticated protection features of the T-80U. The T-90 was designed to be a more technologically advanced and survivable tank than its predecessors, incorporating a triple layer of protection: conventional composite armor, Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA), and an active countermeasures system. Modern variants like the T-90M feature significant upgrades to firepower, mobility, and armor.

Property	Typical Value (T-90 Base Model)
Rôle	Main Battle Tank (MBT)
National Origin	Union soviétique / Russie
Fabricant	Uralvagonzavod
Entry into Service	1992
Crew	3 (Commandant, Artilleur, Pilote)
Combat Weight	46.5 tonnes (Base) to 48 tonnes (T-90MS)
Length (Gun Forward)	9.53 m (31 ft 3 in)
Height	2.22 m (7 ft 3 in)

Armament and Fire Control

Main Armament: 1 x 125 mm 2A46M smoothbore gun (later variants use 2A46M-5).
Loading System: Carousel-type automatic loader (22 rounds ready, 43 total), enabling a rate of fire of 6–8 rounds per minute.
Guided Missile Capability: The main gun can fire the 9M119 Refleks (NATO: AT-11 Sniper) laser-guided anti-tank missile (ATGM), effective against armored targets and low-flying helicopters up to 5,000 m.
Secondary Armament: 1 x 7.62 mm PKMT coaxial machine gun and 1 x 12.7 mm Kord or NSVT anti-aircraft machine gun.
Fire Control: 1A4GT/1A45T integrated fire control system (IFCS) with a gunner’s thermal sight (TO1-KO1 or later Sosna-U) and commander’s independent day/night sight (PNK-4S).

Protection and Mobility

Armor: A blend of steel, composite armor, and integrated Kontakt-5 Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA), providing protection against kinetic energy penetrators and shaped charge warheads.
Active Protection: Fitted with the **Shtora-1 optronic countermeasures system** (in early variants), which includes:
- Infrared (IR) jammers (the « red eyes » on the turret) to disrupt semi-automatically guided ATGMs.
- A laser warning system.
- Aerosol/smoke grenade launchers to create a screening cloud.
Engine: V-84MS V-12 multi-fuel diesel (840 hp on base T-90) or V-92S2 diesel (1,000 hp on T-90A and export T-90S) up to 1,130 hp in the T-90M/MS.
Maximum Speed: 60–65 km/h (37–40 mph) on road.
Operational Range: 550 km (340 mi) without external fuel drums.
Fording Capability: Can negotiate water barriers up to 5 m deep when equipped with a snorkel (OPVT kit).