Obice da 75/18 modello 35 | |
|---|---|
| 国家 | 意大利 |
| 作用 | 榴弹炮 |
| 在服务中 | 1934-1945 |
| 建立 | 未知 |
The borders of Italy are mountainous terrain, so the Italian army has always had an interest in mountain artillery. However, by the 1930s much of Italy’s mountain artillery was obsolescent and overdue for replacement. In 1934, the Italian firm of Ansaldo produced a new mountain howitzer design, the 奥比斯达 75/18 模型洛 34，由在意大利炮兵服役的塞尔吉奥·贝莱塞中校设计。这 模型 34 可以分解成八个负载进行运输。为了标准化和后勤工作，75/18的型号35也被用作普通野战电池的轻型榴弹炮部件。模型 35 没有分解成较小的负载， 并有一个分裂， 而不是框， 跟踪
| 意大利奥比斯达 75 毫米/18 模型洛 35 四处走动 | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 弗拉基米尔·亚库博夫 |
| 本地化 | 盲人博物馆， 索穆尔 |
| 照片 | 42 |
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The “Pack Howitzer” of the Alps
这 Obice da 75/18 Modello 35 was an Italian howitzer designed by the Ansaldo company. While primarily intended for mountain warfare (Alpini divisions), it became one of the most successful Italian artillery pieces of World War II. It was famous for its modularity; the gun could be broken down into eight separate loads for transport by pack animals across rugged terrain. Its design was so effective that it was later adapted to become the main armament for the Semovente 75/18 tank destroyer.
| Attribute | Technical Specification |
|---|---|
| 类型 | Mountain Howitzer / Field Gun |
| 口径 | 75 mm |
| Barrel Length | L/18 (1.35 meters) |
| Maximum Range | 9,570 meters (approx. 5.9 miles) |
| Elevation | -10° to +45° |
| Traverse | 50° |
| Weight (In Action) | 1,050 kg (2,315 lbs) |
| Rate of Fire | 6–8 rounds per minute |
Design Philosophy and Engineering
- The Split-Trail Carriage: The Modello 35 used a split-trail design, which allowed for a much wider horizontal traverse than older box-trail guns. This made it far easier to track moving targets, such as tanks, without repositioning the entire carriage.
- High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) Capability: Despite being a howitzer with a low muzzle velocity, it was highly effective against Allied armor. This was due to the “Effetto Pronto” (EP) and “Special Effetto Pronto” (EPS) shells—some of the earliest successful HEAT rounds used in combat.
- Modular Breakdown: For mountain service, the gun could be disassembled into 8 loads. The heaviest component was the barrel, which weighed roughly 150 kg. This allowed the 75/18 to be deployed in high-altitude positions where traditional wheeled artillery could never reach.
- Modernized Wheels: While early versions featured wooden-spoked wheels for horse traction, later models were fitted with pressed steel wheels and pneumatic tires for high-speed towing by trucks and tractors.
From Towed Gun to Tank Destroyer
- The Semovente 75/18: Recognizing the gun’s effectiveness against tanks like the British Crusader and American M3 Grant, Italian engineers mounted the 75/18 inside a low-profile armored hull on the M13/40 chassis. This created Italy’s most feared armored vehicle of the North African campaign.
- North African Service: In the desert, the 75/18 often acted as “tank snipers,” using their EPS shells to knock out heavier Allied tanks at ranges where their own armor would have been vulnerable.
- German Use: After the Italian armistice in 1943, the German Wehrmacht pressed hundreds of these guns into service, designating them as the 7.5 cm le.F.H.255(i).
- Post-War Service: The Modello 35 was so reliable that it remained in service with the Italian Army well into the 1950s as a training and reserve weapon.
视图 ： 1718
