Мікоян МіГ-29 – обхідний шлях

У 201 Мікоян МіГ-29 (NATO reporting name: “Fulcrum”) is a highly successful twin-engine jet fighter aircraft developed in the Soviet Union during the 1970s. Designed by the Mikoyan design bureau, its primary purpose was to serve as a **lightweight air superiority fighter** to directly challenge advanced American fighters like the F-15 and F-16. Introduced into service in 1983, the MiG-29 is widely recognized as a fourth-generation fighter known for its exceptional maneuverability and powerful performance in close-range aerial combat.

Core Design and Performance

The MiG-29’s airframe design is optimized for high-speed, high-G maneuvering, a key factor in its renown as a deadly dogfighter.

• Powerplant: Two **Klimov RD-33** afterburning turbofan engines, which give the jet a high thrust-to-weight ratio for excellent acceleration and climb rate.
• Aerodynamics: Features **Leading-Edge Root Extensions (LERXs)** and a distinctive blended wing/fuselage design, which generates considerable lift at high angles of attack and contributes significantly to its agility.
• Top Speed: Approximately **Mach 2.25** (approx 2,400 km/h).
• Agility: The aircraft is famous for its capability to perform extreme high-alpha maneuvers, such as the **”Cobra”** maneuver, which is crucial for close-quarters visual combat.

Avionics and Armament

The early MiG-29 introduced several advanced Soviet systems that provided crucial tactical advantages, particularly in the visual engagement envelope.

• Radar: Equipped with the **Phazotron N019 Pulse-Doppler radar** (“Slot Back”), providing **”look-down/shoot-down”** capability to detect targets below the aircraft’s horizon.
• Passive Targeting: A critical feature is the **Infrared Search and Track (IRST)** system, which allows the pilot to passively detect and track targets based on heat signature without emitting radar waves.
• Helmet-Mounted Sight (HMS): ** The IRST works in tandem with the **Shchel-3UM-1 HMS**, allowing the pilot to simply look at a target up to 60 degrees off the aircraft’s centerline to guide and fire short-range missiles, offering a distinct advantage in dogfighting.
• Internal Cannon: One built-in **30 mm Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 cannon**.
• Primary Missiles: Carries a mix of **Short-range, IR-guided R-73** (AA-11 Archer) missiles and **Medium-range, radar-guided R-27** (AA-10 Alamo) missiles.

Modern Evolution

While the original model excelled at air superiority, modern variants have embraced a multirole capability with significantly upgraded technology.

Later versions, such as the **MiG-29M** (multirole) and the carrier-based **MiG-29K** (navalized), feature substantial upgrades, including:

• **Digital Cockpits** (Glass Cockpits) and modern avionics.
• Improved, multi-function radar systems (e.g., *Zhuk*).
• Increased fuel capacity and sometimes **in-flight refueling** capability.
• Ability to carry a wider array of **air-to-surface precision-guided munitions**, transitioning the jet to a true multirole platform.