21cm Morser 18 houfnice - Procházka

21cm Houfnice 18
Země	Německo
Typ	Houfnice
Výrobce	Krupp
Období	1939–1945 Postaveno: 711+

Foto galérie 21cm Houfnice Morser 18, 21 cm Mörser 18 (těžká houfnice) (21 cm Mrs 18) byla německá těžká houfnice používaná ve druhé světové válce nezávislými dělostřeleckými prapory a bateriemi. Řada z nich byla také použita dělostřeleckými jednotkami pobřežní obrany.

Zdroj: Wikipedie

21cm Houfnice 18
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21 cm Morser 18 Procházka Kolem
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Viz také:

A Masterpiece of Heavy Ballistics

Tá 21 cm Mörser 18 (Mrs 18) was the German Army’s primary heavy howitzer for reducing enemy fortifications and delivering massive indirect fire. Designed by Krupp in the 1930s to replace the WWI-era Mörser 16, it was a colossal weapon that prioritized accuracy and platform stability over mobility. While technically a howitzer, the Germans categorized it as a “Mörser” (mortar) due to its high-angle fire capabilities. It was famously used to smash through the “impenetrable” Belgian forts in 1940 and served on all major fronts as the ultimate “door-kicker” for the German artillery.

Attribute	Technical Specification (21 cm Mrs 18)
Roli	Heavy Siege Howitzer
Ráže	211 mm (8.3 inches)
Barrel Length	6.51 meters (L/30)
Weight (In Action)	16,700 kg (36,817 lbs)
Max Range	16,700 meters (approx. 10.4 miles)
Shell Weight	113 kg (249 lbs) HE or 121 kg Concrete-Piercing
Traverse	16° on wheels / 360° on firing platform
Výroby	Approx. 711 units

Design Engineering: The Dual-Recoil Innovation

The Dual-Recoil System: The Mrs 18 was one of the first mass-produced weapons to use a revolutionary dual-recoil system. The barrel recoiled within its cradle, but then the entire top carriage recoiled across the main chassis. This “double absorption” meant the main carriage didn’t budge during firing, allowing for incredible accuracy and a much faster return to target.
360-Degree Firing Platform: The gun featured an integral circular firing platform. When deployed, the crew would lower the platform and crank the wheels off the ground. A single gunner could then rotate the entire 16-ton assembly 360 degrees using a rear caster-wheel jack.
Split-Load Transport: Due to its immense weight, the Mrs 18 was usually transported in two loads: the barrel on one trailer and the carriage on another. It required heavy 12-ton half-tracks (like the Sd.Kfz. 8) for towing, and assembly in the field took a well-trained crew about 30–60 minutes.
The 17 cm Sibling: The carriage was so well-engineered that the Germans later used it to mount the longer-ranged 17 cm Kanone 18. This carriage standardization (Mörserlafette) was a hallmark of German logistical efficiency early in the war.

Operational History: The Concrete Breaker

Fortress Destruction: In 1940, the Mrs 18 proved its worth by leveling the modern concrete fortifications of Eben-Emael and other Belgian strongpoints. Its specialized concrete-piercing (Be-Percussion) shells could penetrate over a meter of reinforced concrete before exploding.
The Siege of Sevastopol: During the brutal 1942 siege, these guns were used alongside “Karl-Gerät” and “Dora” to pulverize Soviet bunkers. The steady platform provided by the dual-recoil system allowed batteries to drop shells with sniper-like precision into bunker apertures.
Production Rivalry: Production was briefly halted in 1942 in favor of the 17 cm version (which had nearly double the range), but the 21 cm was so effective at short-range destruction that production was resumed in 1943 to meet the demands of the Eastern Front.
The “Tiger” Variant: Late in the war, a prototype was developed to mount the 21 cm Mrs 18 on a Tiger II chassis (the Geschützwagen Tiger), though only a partially finished vehicle was ever found by Allied forces.