Яковлєв Як-38

Яковлєв Як-38
Країні	Радянський Союз
Тип	Винищувачі VTOL
Перший політ	1971
Побудований	231

У 201 Яковлєв Як-38 (рос.: Яковлев Як-38; ЗВІТНА НАЗВА НАТО: «Forger») був єдиним оперативним ударним винищувачем VTOL радянської морської авіації, на додаток до того, що він був першим оперативним літаком-носієм з нерухомим крилом. Він розроблявся спеціально для і обслуговував майже виключно на авіаносцях класу «Київ».

Як-36М «Фальсифікат» : Початковий передсерійний варіант, трохи відрізняється від Як-38. Він важив лише 6,650 кг (14,660 фунтів) у порівнянні з 7,370 кг (16,250 фунтів) Як-38, а двигуни були трохи менш потужними.

Джерело: Яковлєв Як-38 у Вікіпедії

Яковлєв Як-38
Фотограф	Володимир Якубов
Локалізацією	Незнай
Фото	111

Yak-38M 01

Yak-38M 02

Yak-38M 03

Yak-38M 04

Yak-38M 05

Yak-38M 06

Yak-38M 07

Yak-38M 08

Yak-38M 09

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Як-38 Фальсифікат обходить
Фотограф	Дмитро Срібний
Локалізацією	Музей ОКБ Яковлєва
Фото	145

Як-38 Форгер

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Прогулянка Як-38
Фотограф	Незнай
Локалізацією	Незнай
Фото	24

Yak-38 01

Yak-38 02

Yak-38 03

Yak-38 04

Yak-38 05

Yak-38 06

Yak-38 07

Yak-38 08

Yak-38 09

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Читайте також:

Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger Walk Around
Фотограф	Gunkalo Vladimir
Локалізацією	Незнай
Фото	33

Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger 01

Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger 02

Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger 03

Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger 04

Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger 05

Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger 06

Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger 07

Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger 08

Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger 09

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The “Steel-Winged” Experiment

У 201 Яковлєв Як-38 was the Soviet Navy’s answer to the British Harrier. Entering service in 1976, it was designed specifically to operate from the Kiev-class “heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers.” Unlike the Harrier’s single engine with four swiveling nozzles, the Yak-38 used a complex and controversial “lift-plus-cruise” configuration: one main engine for forward flight and two dedicated vertical-lift jets behind the cockpit. While it gave the Soviet Union a fixed-wing presence at sea, it was a temperamental machine with limited range and a payload capacity that often left it nicknamed “the deck-bound toy.”

Attribute	Technical Specification (Yak-38M)
Роль	VTOL Shipborne Strike/Fighter
команда	1 (Pilot)
Main Engine	1 × Tumansky R-28V-300 vectored-thrust turbofan (15,000 lbf)
Lift Engines	2 × Rybinsk RD-38 turbojets (7,200 lbf each)
Максимальна швидкість	1,050 km/h (650 mph / Mach 0.95)
Combat Radius	130–300 km (depending on takeoff mode)
Зброя	4 × External hardpoints (up to 2,000 kg / 4,400 lbs)
Standard Load	R-60 AAMs, Kh-23M ASMs, FAB-250/500 bombs, or 23mm gun pods

Design Engineering: The Perils of Vertical Flight

Automatic Ejection System: The Yak-38 featured a unique (and terrifying) safety feature. Because the aircraft would flip instantly if one lift engine failed, Yakovlev installed an automatic ejection seat. If the plane exceeded a certain pitch or roll angle during VTOL, the seat would fire the pilot out without their permission.
The “Lift-Plus-Cruise” Trap: During vertical takeoff, the Yak-38 burned fuel at a staggering rate. To carry a useful weapons load, pilots often had to perform “short” rolling takeoffs instead of purely vertical ones, but the small wings provided very little lift.
No Radar: The “Forger-A” lacked an internal radar, relying on the pilot’s eyes and the “Mother Ship’s” controllers for interception. It was primarily intended to shoot down slow-moving NATO maritime patrol planes like the P-3 Orion.
Environmental Fragility: The lift engines were notoriously finicky in hot or humid climates. During deployments to Africa and Afghanistan, the engines often refused to start if the air temperature was too high, earning it the reputation of being a “fair-weather fighter.”

Combat and Service History

Operation Romb (Afghanistan, 1980): A small detachment of Yak-38s was sent to Afghanistan for “trial by fire.” They performed roughly 12 sorties, but the high-altitude, dusty environment was brutal on the engines, and the aircraft proved to have almost no tactical value compared to the Su-25.
The “Baka” of the Cold War? While it looked futuristic, Western analysts quickly realized the Yak-38 was no match for the Sea Harrier. It lacked the maneuverability for dogfighting and the range for deep strikes.
Safety Record: Roughly one-third of the total production (approx. 231 built) was lost in accidents. However, the automatic ejection system saved dozens of lives, despite occasionally firing during minor malfunctions that might have been recoverable.
Legacy: Despite its flaws, the Yak-38 taught the Soviets everything they needed to know about VTOL. Its successor, the Yak-141 Freestyle, was a supersonic beast that later influenced the design of the American F-35B’s swivel-nozzle system.