85-мм дивізійна гармата Д-44

85-мм дивізійна гармата Д-44
Країні	Радянський Союз
Тип	дивізійна гармата
Період	1944-1953
Побудований	10.800

У 201 85-мм дивізійна гармата Д-44 (рос. 85-мм дивизионная пушка Д-44) — радянська дивізійна польова артилерійська гармата калібру 85-мм калібру, що використовувалася в останній дії Другої світової війни. Він був розроблений як заміна 76-мм дивізійної гармати М1942 (ЗІС-3). Гармата більше не перебуває на фронтовій службі у сухопутних військ Росії, хоча близько 200 китайських варіантів Type 56 все ще перебувають на озброєнні армії Пакистану. Служба воєнного часу включала використання комуністичними силами під час війни у В'єтнамі та арабськими військами під час конфліктів з Ізраїлем.

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85-мм дивізійна гармата Д-44
Фотограф	Дарек Шенфельд
Локалізацією	Незнай
Фото	22

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Локалізацією	Незнай
Фото	38

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The “Universal” Artillery Piece

У 201 85 mm Divisional Gun D-44 was designed in late 1944 to replace the older 76mm guns that had struggled against heavy German armor. It was a “dual-purpose” weapon, meant to function both as a traditional field howitzer for high-explosive bombardment and as a high-velocity anti-tank gun. Borrowing the ballistics from the legendary Т-34/85 tank gun, the D-44 was exceptionally mobile, low-profile, and reliable. It became the standard divisional gun for the Warsaw Pact throughout the early Cold War and remains in use today in secondary conflicts across the globe.

Attribute	Technical Specification (D-44)
Роль	Divisional Field Gun / Anti-Tank Gun
Калібр	85 mm (3.34 in)
Barrel Length	L/55 (approx. 4.6 m)
Weight (Travel)	1,725 kg (3,803 lbs)
Rate of Fire	15–20 rounds per minute (highly trained crew)
Muzzle Velocity	800 m/s (HE) / 1,030 m/s (HVAP-T)
Max Range	15,650 meters (17,115 yards)
Armor Penetration	130mm at 1,000 meters (with BR-367P ammo)

Design Engineering: Low Profile, High Velocity

Low Silhouette: The D-44 was designed to be incredibly difficult to spot in an ambush. Its total height was only 1.42 meters, allowing crews to hide it in tall grass or shallow trenches—a vital trait for an anti-tank role.
Torsion Bar Suspension: Unlike many contemporary field guns, the D-44 featured a torsion bar suspension. This allowed it to be towed by trucks at speeds up to 60 km/h (37 mph) without shaking the sights out of alignment.
Semi-Automatic Breech: It utilized a vertical sliding-block breech that automatically ejected the spent casing upon recoil and stayed open for the next round. This facilitated an incredibly high rate of fire during intense combat.
The SD-44 (Self-Propelled) Variant: A unique modification added a small 14-hp auxiliary engine and a steering wheel, allowing the gun crew to “drive” the artillery piece across the battlefield at 10 km/h without a towing vehicle.

Combat History: From the Iron Curtain to Modern Trenches

Vietnam and Beyond: The D-44 saw extensive use by the NVA during the Vietnam War, where its long range and mobility made it perfect for harassing American firebases.
Middle Eastern Conflicts: It was a staple in the Arab-Israeli wars, often used by Egyptian and Syrian forces as a long-range anti-tank sniper.
Modern Longevity: Even in 2026, the D-44 continues to appear in the Russo-Ukrainian War. While it cannot penetrate the front of a modern Abrams or Leopard 2, its high accuracy and rapid fire make it a terrifying weapon against APCs, infantry, and fortifications.
Chinese Production: China produced its own version, known as the Type 56, which remains in the reserve inventories of several Asian and African nations.