Folland Gnat

Folland Gnat
Land	Storbritannien
Roll	Fighter och tränare
Första flygningen	18 juli 1955
Byggd	449

Den Folland Gnat är ett brittiskt kompakt underljudsflygplan som utvecklades och tillverkades av Folland Aircraft.

Källkod: Folland Gnat på Wikipedia

Hawker Siddeley Gnat T1
Fotografer	Unknow
Lokalisering	Unknow
Bilder	60

Folland Gnat 10

Folland Gnat 11

Folland Gnat 12

Folland Gnat 13

Folland Gnat 14

Folland Gnat 15

Folland Gnat 16

Folland Gnat 17

Folland Gnat 18

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General Characteristics (Gnat T.1 Trainer Variant)

The Folland Gnat was a British-designed swept-wing jet aircraft originally conceived as a small, affordable light fighter (Gnat F.1). Although the Royal Air Force (RAF) did not adopt the fighter variant, it purchased the two-seat trainer version (Gnat T.1) extensively. The Gnat is most famous for its use by the RAF’s Red Arrows aerobatic team from 1965 to 1979 due to its agility.

Property	Typical Value (Gnat T.1 Trainer)
Roll	Advanced Jet Trainer / Aerobatic Display
Tillverkare	Folland Aircraft (later Hawker Siddeley)
First Flight (Gnat Fighter)	July 18, 1955
besättning	2 (Student and Instructor, in tandem)
Spännvidd	7.32 m (24 ft 0 in)
längd	11.53 m (37 ft 10 in)
Max Takeoff Weight	4,378 kg (9,650 lb)
Units Built (Total)	~449 (including HAL Ajeet)

Design and Powerplant

Engine: One Bristol Siddeley (later Rolls-Royce) Orpheus 101 turbojet engine.
Thrust Output: Approximately 20.9 kN (4,700 lbf) of static thrust.
Fuselage: Small, simple, all-metal construction, designed for ease and affordability of manufacture, reflecting designer W. E. W. Petter’s philosophy of a lightweight fighter.
Variants: The trainer (T.1) variant featured a different, larger wing with integral fuel tanks, conventional flaps/ailerons, and an enlarged tail section compared to the original fighter (F.1).
Ejection Seats: Equipped with Martin-Baker zero-zero ejection seats (on later models).
Success Abroad: The fighter version was notably successful in the Indian Air Force (IAF), where it was license-built by HAL as the Ajeet (“Invincible”) and earned the nickname “Sabre Slayer” during conflicts with Pakistan.

Performance and Armament (Fighter F.1 & Trainer T.1)

Maximum Speed: Approximately Mach 0.95 (around 1,024 km/h or 636 mph). Could exceed Mach 1 in a shallow dive.
Service Ceiling: 14,630 m (48,000 ft).
Range (Ferry): Approximately 1,200 km (750 miles) with external tanks.
Rate of Climb: High rate, often cited around 20,000 ft/min.
Armament (Fighter F.1): Two 30 mm ADEN cannon (one mounted in each air intake lip).
External Stores (F.1): Two underwing pylons for drop tanks or external ordnance (e.g., 500 lb bombs or unguided rockets).
Trainer Role (T.1): The RAF’s Gnat T.1 trainer was unarmed and focused purely on providing a high-performance platform to transition pilots to frontline jet fighters like the English Electric Lightning.