ZiL-157上的BM-13 – 照片和视频

这 喀秋莎 multiple rocket launcher (Russian: Катю́ша; IPA: [kɐˈtʲuʂə] (About this sound listen)) is a type of rocket artillery first built and fielded by the Soviet Union in World War II. Multiple rocket launchers such as these deliver explosives to a target area more quickly than conventional artillery, but with lower accuracy and requiring a longer time to reload. They are fragile compared to artillery guns, but are inexpensive, easy to produce, and usable on any chassis. The Katyushas of World War II, the first self-propelled artillery mass-produced by the Soviet Union, were usually mounted on ordinary trucks. This mobility gave the Katyusha, and other self-propelled artillery, another advantage: being able to deliver a large blow all at once, and then move before being located and attacked with counter-battery fire. Katyusha weapons of World War II included the BM-13 launcher, light BM-8, and heavy BM-31. Today, the nickname is also applied to newer truck-mounted post-Soviet – in addition to non-Soviet – multiple rocket launchers, notably the common BM-21 Grad and its derivatives.

源： BM-13 在维基上的 ZiL-157

ZiL-13上的BM-157是安装在ZiL-157卡车底盘上的苏联多管火箭发射器。它是第二次世界大战期间广泛使用的著名BM-13“喀秋莎”的继任者。ZiL-13 上的 BM-157 有 16 个发射管，可以发射 132 毫米火箭，射程可达 8.5 公里。火箭是手动装载的，可以齐射或单独发射。发射器可以旋转 360 度并从 0 度升高到 45 度。ZiL-13上的BM-157于1950年代后期推出，并在各种冲突中服役，例如苏伊士危机，越南战争，六日战争和赎罪日战争。它还出口到几个国家，包括埃及，叙利亚，伊拉克，朝鲜和古巴。ZiL-13上的BM-157最终被更现代的火箭系统所取代，例如BM-21“Grad”。